Economics of International Marketing

Economics of world-wide securities industryingGibbie Yapsen Handadilla (DBM)Student ID 1409012060Brian Junaldo Honoris (DBM)Student ID 1409012075 tar piddleWe make this constitution in hostel to do a doubtful research on worldwide market and understanding on the immensity of international sellingAc give birth it offledgementWe would like to thank EASB for letting us to write this taradiddle and similarly Ms. Roszana for guiding and teaching us through with(predicate) this module and this report. Without their help, we may non reach this point.IntroductionGlobal marketing refers to marketing activities coordinated and integrated across multiple country markets. (Jonny K. Johansson 2000) global marketing often used in virtually big companies. world(prenominal) marketing itself has big impact on worlds economy. In this assessment, our aim is to critically analyze on economics of international marketing.Questions to be answered in that location atomic number 18 4 ( four) questions that we pull up stakesing discuss on this reportEvolution to planetary MarketingElements of International MarketingAdvantages and Disadvantages of International MarketingEconomics of International swopEvolution to International MarketingBecause of at presents globalization, international marketing has become really popular. There be many castrates or we faeces say evolution within companies rough the world and also in international marketing. There be slightly stages in international marketing for those who are globalizing.Domestic MarketingAs we erect see from the word house servant which means inside a particular country. At this stage, companies marketing scope is only within iodine country. Usually, companies at this stage are only influencing local markets. They usually rarely to pay attention in the worlds market change or different foreign market competition.International MarketingFrom the domestic stage, evolve to the beside stage which is int ernational marketing. International marketing is around the same(p) with the domestic marketing. At this stage, companies permit their factory to manufacture result in their own country simply they taper their marketing into some particular countries. For example, FN beverage manufacturer from Singapore, the manufacturing happens in Singapore but their market isnt only in Singapore but in other countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, etc.Global MarketingThere are only few companies which get to this level. At this stage, the marketing scope is much(prenominal) bigger than international marketing stage. The reason is that in global marketing, companies have their manufacturers spread all around the world, thats why it is called global.Elements of International MarketingThe elements of global marketing is what they called marketing mix. Marketing mix is to the highest degree 4 Ps, intersection, price, rove, and promotion. The next following paragraphs are about 4 Ps a nd the definition.First of all, product is usually what comes in sagaciousness to companies. Without product, the others are not going to follow. Companies are needed to make products which contact the customers needs. For example, many beverage companies are competing in satisfying their customers by producing refreshful products which their customers needed.Secondly, pricing is needed as the second 4 Ps. cost is always affected by the demands in every market. With healthy pricing, the lot from the products bequeath attract customers. Thats why pricing is one valuable element in international marketing.Next, locating the right repoint to take the products is so much important. One pukenot sell something expensive in a poor country. So one needs to locate the right place to sell the right product as well. By evaluating the customers demand of a particular place then place the product there.Finally, promotion is the suffer thing to make it succeed. After we manufacture th e product, give the right price, place it in the right market, promoting the product is needed to let people know that one already starting to sell the product. Of course, with the correct promotion go forth get you bigger attraction from the customers.To sum up, there are 4 elements of international marketing and they are product, price, place, and promotion. Each of the elements support the others. So, in order to succeed in international marketing, these elements are needed as the constitute of it.Advantages and Disadvantages of International MarketingAdvantagesInternational marketing is the process of overseas announce of the products that a attach to sells. International marketing provides a host of benefits to a business, from helping to broaden the customer base to improving the reputation of the brand. savvy these advantages can help businesses of all sizes to plan their international sales strategies and to focus their customer service efforts.The first advantage of in ternational marketing will be brand reputation. By doing international marketing, a follow can get brand reputation which depends on the companys product. If the company can sell good products around the world, the brand reputation will arise, and people will recognize it more.The next one will be market expansion. It is the most obvious advantage because company who does international marketing will expand their market scope from local to international. With market expansion, company may know well about other people demands and can evaluate other competitors so they can improve the products and learn more.The proceed one is global networking. Just like before, by going to the global market, company can know new customers and new demands which can be used to improve the products.DisadvantagesThe first one will be the cultures. antithetical cultures can be a problem for some local companies which are new to global markets. They need to adjust the culture with others. For example, instant forage company. They cannot sell pork flavored-food to host country which mainly are Muslim.The next disadvantage is the government law. For some countries which have a strict law, companies may find difficulties when trying to sell their products there. Some country banned Marijuana, but some other country allow Marijuana to be in market. That will be one example for companies to sell marijuana in some strict countries.Lastly is marketing mix. Company might have to develop a totally different marketing mix for its product in host country than in home country which will pose cost. Which means in home country will incur cost for host country. Like host country will get tax for import goods from home country.Economics of International TradeInternational trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories. In most countries, such trade represents a significant share of coarse domestic product (GDP). While international trade has been present throughout much of history, its economic, social, and political importance has been on the rise in modern centuries. It is the presupposition of international trade that a sufficient level of geopolitical peace of mind and stability are prevailing in order to allow for the calm exchange of trade and commerce to take place between nations.Trade is not a modern invention. International trade directly is not qualitatively different from the exchange of goods and services that people have been conducting for thousands of years. onwards the widespread adoption of currency, people exchanged goods and some services through bartering or trading a certain quantity of one good or service for another good or service with the same estimated value. With the emergence of money, the exchange of goods and services became more efficient.Developments in transportation and chat revolutionized economic exchange, not only increasing its volume but also widening its geographicalal rang e. As trade expanded in geographic scope, diversity, and quantity, the channels of trade also became more complex.International trade today differs from economic exchange conducted centuries ago in its speed, volume, geographic reach, complexity, and diversity. However, it has been going on for centuries, and its fundamental characterthe exchange of goods and services for other goods and services or for money remains unchanged.RecommendationIn doing international marketing, we must assistance about the elements of the international marketing first, especially for business managers or professionals. fit about the pros and cons so that one can make decision rightfully. lastTo sum up everything, there are a lot of points in this report. There has been a lot of evolution through international marketing. There are also some important elements in international marketing as well as the advantages and disadvantages that we may get from international marketing. Therefore, as an internation al business professional, we have to examine everything first and then we can make a good decision.Referenceshttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_marketinghttp//www.scribd.com/doc/86216521/INTERNATIONAL-MARKETING-EVOLUTION-TO-GLOBAL-AND-INTERNATIONAL-MARKETINGscribdhttp//www.indiastudychannel.comhttp//www.marketingteacher.com/what-is-international-marketing/http//www.marketing-schools.org/types-of-marketing/international-marketing.htmlhttp//toolkit. minusculebiz.nsw.gov.au/part/21/103/473http//smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-marketing-internationally-61158.htmlhttp//www.translatemedia.com/international-marketinghttp//cindyking.biz/4-success-elements-for-international-business-development/http//www.referenceforbusiness.com/small/Inc-Mail/International-Marketing.htmlDeclarationBy signing this declaration, the group has agreed to the appraisal of this report________________(Name / Signature)________________(Name / Signature)Page 1 15

Seeking Economic Growth with Long Run Interest

pursuit Economic Growth with Long Run InterestPursuit of scotch growingFor any body politic, in tramp to develop it is essential that it has to scram many goods and serv internal-combustion engines. Economic case is the main target that every bucolic is aiming for. However, the road for the maturation of stintings for any coun hear has its gains and problems. This essay leave examine the advantages and the disadvantages of pursuing the economic product in the indispensability motivate interest.In recount of magnitude to examine to topic, it is important to how to measure economic emergence and why economic harvest-time of a region happens. Economic growth is measured by the annual percentage put of a hoidenishs Gross Domestic Product (gross domestic product), which is determined by the commercialise value of goods and services which are manufactured by the frugality during a certain period of time. It is considered to be the closely fundamental indicator of an thriftinesss health (The guardian, 2006)(1). For example, United Kingdom, which is a substantial country, has a GDP aim of 2.472 trillion dollar by 2012 (Worldbank)(2). The main reason of economic growth is the consistent growth of demand. This foundation be ca utilise by an immense growth of money expenditure. This is beca aim if the establishment lowered interest prescribes to try and make race buy to a greater extent than than and spend less. People leave alone go out and borrow money to buy houses and cars, which they would normally not be able to open because their income cannot admirer them to pay with normal interest. This results in economic growth. However, this only can help countries to pursuit economic growth in the short run. In prescribe to pursuit in the ache run, there are number of requirement that take to be met. Firstly, heartlike preferences are important, especially lend. If a country has many natural resources, this leave behind give it a strong boost in the pursuit. Secondly, in a world nothing is free it is required capital to pursuit the growth. Thirdly, the greater the train of growth, the much than demand from the labour. Government need to spend more government expenditure (taxes) on education in monastic order to help hoi polloi to ask more business skills, which is essential in the long run.Every issue always has two-side. Economic growth excessively has benefits and drawbacks. On the one hand, there are a number of advantages for pursuit economic growth. First, economic growth helps the mess to increase their income. The more economic growth gets, the spunkyer demand for labour require producing more goods and services, which means more job opportunities. Economic growth lead make spate want to consume more. If the rate of world growth is smaller than economic growth outstrips population growth, true(a) income per head go out be increased. This whitethorn result to a higher direct of using up of goods and services which is required to occupy because people now have more money to spend. Consequently, higher expectations bequeath begin to appear. Organisations bequeath need more investment in order to improve their productivity. Investment is required to make improvements and make the obsolete disappear. The more economy grows the more investment it will deplumate because country with high GDP rate brings more confidence to investors. Because of the rise in demand, the level of output will be increased. In order to meet the targets, firms will need more labour workforce. Therefore, more people will be employed so people .Consequently, people are able to afford higher quality goods and service to satisfy their needs. Furthermore, the level of unemployment will be reducing due to the higher outcome manufacturer require more labour forces. Secondly, economic growth also improves better standards of living. With the increase of consumption of goods and services, societ y gets more money to improve standards of living. Economic growth helps government to differentiate income from the rich to the worthless without losing. The money gained from taxes can be used to fight over against poverty and improve services. Government can spend more money on public services much(prenominal) as national Health Care (NHS), education and the milieu With more money which is spend on health care service, this improves quality of life through treating diseases and life expectancy. With the increase quality of health care, people can cash in ones chips longer. Therefore, it is practicable to produce more goods and services. Education is the most polar determinant part of welfare. The more money is spent on education, the higher goods and services organisations can manufacture due to higher degree of workforce. Furthermore, education makes people watch the importance of preserving the environment. When people became richer, people are able to afford to run into care of the environment. People are more concerned about the environment where they are living. Therefore, new regulations have been introduced by the government to ensure that people have a clean environment (for example, the Clean Air dally to prevent the Great Smog in 1952 from happening again). With the increase of real GDP, people can use more resource to limit the use of natural resources and promote renewable resources. The government can promote recycle through education. However, economy growth still has downside despite its advantages.On the opposite hand, it cannot be denied that there are a number of disadvantages because of economic growth. Firstly, the endangerment of high inflation always comes with economic growth. If demand is more than supply, this will make the hurt set to increase. This happens to most developing countries with high population level. India is a good example to examine. India is one of countries which has high population level and has a b ooming economy. However, with the high demand which is more than supply the price has been risen. Therefore, manufactures with higher represent have to raise the price of their goods and services in like manner. It is say that India has been struggling to control what is Asias highest inflation level, which was running at about 10% last year (bbc, 2014)(3). This make rupee which is currency of India loses its value by 14%. Two-third of the population of India only has two dollars to spend a day. payable to the lack of income, people in India have to consume less goods and services, which may lead the close down of factories. This make the unemployment level go up significantly. This may leads to an increase in crime However, if the factories are not closed, people will have work more hours to produce more goods to oscilloscope the point that supply is equal to demand. Consequently, this will make employees upset. In order to deal with the rise of inflation, the Indian governmen t has to increase the interest rate (ft, 2014).(4) Therefore, the inflation will fall. This will helps the Indian government in order to lower the demand, which will make price go down. Secondly, economic growth might cause unemployment. In order to produce more goods and services, people are always tactile propertying for new ways to increase productivity. This makes the economy make more industrial. Therefore, no matter how talent employees are or have many years of experiment, they will always become obsolete. Also, with instruction of technology machines now can manufacture more than human, which is reduced cost in the long run. Therefore, old obsolete job will be replaced by new job. This may result in high unemployment rate. Thirdly, economic growth may make the gap between the rich and the poor become wider. People who have high level of skills will interpret for job which pay them most in order to be satisfied. Therefore, people always tend to go to essential country so they have can have the job they want. For example, people who have high level of experiment will not stay at Greece which is in crisis and look for job opportunities. They will go to other developed countries such as United Kingdom, Germany, or Spain in order to get the job which they want. Consequently, developed countries always have more and better staff than developing countries. So, developed countries will always produce more goods and services. This makes the gap between them become wider. Finally, economic growth always results in pollution. With the demand to produce more natural resources will be forced to be run out. The resource of the world is limited. For example, trees will be cut down more in order to build more factories to manufacture, which leads to deforestation. Therefore, the level of CO2 which is released into the atmosphere will increase significantly. It cannot be denied the global warming has become one of the most serious environmental issues that we have to deal with. Because of the rise of temperature, the Arctic ice has melted. Consequently, this threats not only to coral reefs worldwide but also to land resources, which means we will have less land to use. In order to pursuit economic growth, both developed and developing have already damaged the environment. Most of the developing countries used to have problems with air pollution. For example, in 1952, England had suffered air pollution. The smog had killed many people. To prevent this disaster from happening again in the future, the Clean Air Acts of 1956 and 1968. It is said that these acts banned emissions of black gauge and decreed residents of urban areas and operators of factories must convert to smokeless fuels (metoffice).(5)For developing countries, wet pollution is the main problem. Many factories decided to reduce their cost by pouring industrial waste into the river. For example, in 2008, the authority had discovered that Vedan Vietnam which is a company produce monosodium glutamate (MSG) had been illegally released wastewater in Thi Vai River for 14 years, which killed the rivers system. This results not only in the death of thousands shrimps and fish of farmers but it also ruined farmland along side of the river. Furthermore, it affected the health the farmers who live near river.(abc,2010).(6)In conclusion, after examine the benefits and drawbacks of pursuit economic growth, chronic growth in the economy would let the countries to gain many potency benefits such as raising the living standards, reducing the level of unemployment and attract more investment into the country. Nether less, it cannot be denied it has many drawbacks. However in saying this, different circumstances and scenarios require different approaches. Every country must pursuit economic growth with the right pace. If the growth goes too rapid, the risk of high inflation rate will become higher. Therefore, the governments see an important role in the pursuit in the lon g run. They needs to spend more money on public sector such transport, communication and health care. They also need to control the interest rate to prevent the inflation rate from going up too high. And finally, unappeasable regulations need to be introduced in order to preserve the environment and it is crucial to invest more money into research alternative in order that alternative energy will replace natural energy.Reference epigram Bolton and Stefanie Khaw. (2006).economic growth.Available http//www.theguardian.com/business/2006/jul/10/ukeconomy.globalrecession. Last accessed 16th feb 2014.Available at http//data.worldbank.org/country/united-kingdom. Last accessed 16th feb 2014.India raises interest rates rise to stem inflation.Available http//www.bbc.co.uk/ countersign/business-25923743. Last accessed 16th feb 2014.Amy Kazmin. (2014).India raises interest rates to combat inflation.Available http//www.ft.com/cms/s/0/18dc0d04-87e7-11e3-a926-00144feab7de.htmlaxzz2tcm66adN. Last accessed 16th feb 2014.The Great Smog of 1952.Available http//www.metoffice.gov.uk/education/teens/case-studies/great-smog. .Last accessed 16th feb 2014bo hill. (2010).Firm pays up after pollution destroyed river.Available http//www.abc.net.au/news/2010-08-12/firm-pays-up-after-pollution-destroyed-river/942224. Last accessed 16th feb 2014lipsey chrystal (2011).economics. twelfth ed. oxford oxford university press. 601-624.

Experience of Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose in Pregnancy

Experience of Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose in PregnancyLived Experience of Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose among expectant Women with Gestational Diabetes MellitusAbstract primeval wordsSelf-monitoring of furrow glucose, gestational diabetes mellitusINTRODUCTIONGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as impaired glucose border graduation exercise identified during pregnancy. It is diagnosed using a 75g or 100 g oral glucose tolerance streamlet according to clinical practice guidelines. The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus among meaning(a) women is increasing worldwide beca hire of edematous eating and lack of exercise. Prepregnancy overweight and gestational weight gain be the strongest predictors of GDM (Savona-Venturaet al.,2013). Previous studies showed that 5.0-12.9% of expectant women have GDM (Cho, 2013).Pregnant women who have gestational diabetes mellitus atomic number 18 more than likely to develop adverse pregnancy and child ancestry outco mes. Common maternal wellness complications are hypertensive affection (3.0-50.0%), preterm labour (2.0-14%), spontaneous abortion (3.5-25.3%), polyhydramnios (5.0-28.0%, and postpartum bleeding (6.0-10.5%). Neonatal complications include macrosomic infant (12.0-17.0%), congenital malformations (6.5-20.0%), shoulder dystocia (9.5-23.3%), birth dishonor (4.5-13.3%), respiratory distress syndrome (1.5-21.4%), hypoglycemia (20.0-68.5%), hyperbiliruninemia (5.3-48.3%), and admission in neonatal sell unit (15.0-20.6%) (Wang, 2013).These maternal and neonatal sequalae develop due to prolonged hyperglycemia. advanced levels of billet glucose can damage endothelial cells causing hypertensive disorder and its complications. Infants of pregnant women with GDM are also exposed to high maternal argumentation glucose levels (Webb, 2013).It is suggested that potencyling kin glucose within the recommended range (70-120 mg/dl) depart lessening these complications. GDM in pregnant women ca n be treated by medical examination nutrition therapy, insulin injection, and self-monitoring of telephone line glucose (American Diabetes Association, 2013). Testing of capillary blood for glucose levels is recommended as a diabetes self-management strategy.Pregnant women with GDM need to be discuss and taught to collect blood sample from their fingertip and use a glucometer to round blood glucose levels. Little is kn consume slightly their sensing and lived experience of self-monitoring of blood glucose. Understanding their perception and meaning regarding diabetes management will be useful to promote self-care, improve glycaemic sway, and decrease maternal and neonatal health complications.METHODSObjectives of the considerThe objectives of this playing field were to describe perceptions and meaning of lived experience in self-monitoring of blood glucose and utilization of blood glucose levels for glycaemic control among pregnant women who have gestational diabetes mell itus.Research designThis descriptive phenomenological study was designed to gain more understanding virtually lived experienced of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus in self-monitoring of blood glucose. Specific qualitative research methods used in this study include bracketing the researcher perspectives, analyzing, intuiting, and describing perception and meaning of participants lived experience (Creswell, 2013 Touhyet al., 2013).Study settingThis study was conducted in the antenatal care units, diabetes clinics, and obstetric wards of two government hospitals in southern Thailand which are the referral centers providing advanced management of pregnancy complicated with GDM. estimable considerationThe research project and info collection procedures were approved by Institutional Review Boards and ethics committees of the Faculty of Nursing and Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, and selected hospitals in southern Thailand.ParticipantsPotential par ticipants were approached and asked for participation by staff harbors. Informed live with was obtained by the researcher teams. Thirty pregnant women diagnosed with GDM during 24-30 week gestation were recruited for the study. entropy collectionData were collected using in-depth interviews following semi-structured interview guides. digital audio recording was used. The participants were asked to be interviewed at the antenatal clinic, diabetes clinic, or obstetric ward. Two interviews were conducted. Each interview took 30-45 minutes. Data were collected until saturation. Interview data were transcribed to prepare for coding and analyzing.Data analysisQualitative data were analyzed followingColaizzis method and included seven steps 1) rendition and re-reading descriptions, 2) extracting significant statements, 3) formulating the meaning of lived experiences in various contexts, 4) categorizing the meaning into clusters of beginnings, 5) describing the phenomenon being studied , 6) corroborative the decision with participants, and 7) incorporating informants view in the findings (Creswell, 2013).FINDINGSThe mean age of participants was 32.5 (22-39 years). Seventeen women were Buddhists and long dozen women were Muslims. Their educational levels were high school (6/30), vocational level (14/30), and bachelor power point (10/30). Most of them were multiparous (22/30) and were employed (18/30). Eight women had previous(prenominal) GDM and experience of self-monitoring of blood glucose. The findings showed three emerged etymons regarding perception and meaning of self-monitoring of blood glucose among pregnant women with GDM being hard-pressed about diabetes, trying to control it, and having patience for their child.Being dysphoric about diabetes comprised two dimensions wondering about the impact of diabetes on the child, and concern about maternal health. laterwards being informed that they had GDM, having high levels of blood glucose, they first thought abouthow diabetes would affect their pregnancy, particularly the heart and soul on their child. They believed that their infant would be harmed or malformed, or have diabetes. The participants perceptions regarding GDM impact on child health were as follows.Another dimension of being afraid of diabetes was concern over maternal health. Pregnant women having GDM were also concerned about complications during pregnancy much(prenominal) as abortion, preterm labour, and having diabetes after childbirth. They dual-lane their understanding as these words.The second theme was trying to control it. They gave two dimensions of trying to control diabetes that included 1) knowledge to foot race blood glucose, and 2) being aware of what to eat.Learning to test blood glucose. subsequently being diagnosed with GDM, diabetes nurse educators sure them about how to collect blood from the finger and use the glucometer to test blood glucose levels. Pregnant women needed to meet these immature skills of self-monitoring of blood sugar. They shared their experiences as follows.Being aware of what to eat. Pregnant women with GDM paid more attention to sprout slightly healthy victualss as recommended by doctors, nurses and dietitians. They learned to choose feed fount, portion size, and appropriate measure to have breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks between meals. They provided additional data as follows.The third theme was having patience for their child. Pregnant women with GDM uttered the meaning of their experiences of self-monitoring of blood glucose in two dimensions 1) overcoming food desires, and tolerating the fingerprick disoblige.The first meaning of having patience for the child was overcoming food desires. The women shared their experience of how they faced controlling their blood glucose. They had a struggle related to hunger due to cutting down on some favorite foods such as sweetened drinks, desserts and fruits. Sometimes they could not app ropriate their food desire, they then decided to eat what they wanted. This response supports the idea.The second dimension of having patience for their child was tolerating the fingerprick pain. After being diagnosed with GDM, they were advised to test their blood glucose by pricking the fingertip to collect capillary blood to measure blood glucose levels with a glucometer for 8 to 12 weeks. They experienced mild intensiveness of pain that they had to cope with in order to compass good glycaemic control. The women shared their tolerance with fingertip pain as follows.DISCUSSIONAfter being diagnosed with GDM, pregnant Thai women were worried about the impact of diabetes on their child and their own health. They were afraid that their child might have diabetes or other health problems, or even die. A previous study also imbed that women with GDM experienced fear about the wellbeing of their babies and themselves (Stankiewiczet al., 2014). For maternal health, most of them were wor ried about becoming diabetic later in life. The research recite revealed that women who had a history of GDM were at risk to develop prediabetes, diabetes, or metabolic syndrome. Among women with GDM, 5-14% were subsequently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus during the postpartum period and 7-29% had impaired glucose tolerance (Bihanet al., 2014).Pregnant women with GDM needed to learn to measure their blood glucose levels by self-monitoring technique. They express their experience as learning to test blood glucose because it was a new activity with which they had no skill and were not familiar. After being advised by diabetes nurse educators, they could collect a blood sample from the fingertip and test it with the glucometer. This result was supported the finding that women who have GDM can manage to control their blood glucose after they cope with emotional strain (Huiet al., 2014 Stankiewiczet al., 2014).In addition, the women had learned to control their blood glucose by being aware of what to eat. After receiving knowledge about diabetes medical nutrition therapy from a dietitian and nurse educator, they shared their understanding of prior dietary pattern that needed to be changed, such as reducing the consumption of sweetened drink and desserts, or fruit with high glycemic index. They had learned about the kind of foods for diabetes and portion sizes. They perceive that awareness of dietary behaviors was necessary to control their blood glucose levels. A previous study also reported that pregnant women with GDM changed their health behavior after being informed of their health problems andthe way to improve their health (Bandyopadhyayet al., 2011 Hjelmet al., 2012).Lastly, pregnant women with GDM shared their experiences that they were patient for their child. They had to overcome their food desires and cope with pain from fingertip pricking during blood testing. Normally, they had their favorite foods such as Thai fruits and desserts. After b ecoming pregnant with GDM, they had to adapt their food habits in order to achieve good glycemic control. Sometimes, they would like to eat something that they wanted but they were concerned about its impact on their child. Eventually, they decided not to eat that food or took only a small amount. However, some women could not resign their food desire and chose to take food to eat it for their satisfaction. After they fulfilled their need, they assay to practise as recommended. This was her voice In the afternoon, I felt thirsty. I tried to drink some water but it did not contact me. I continued to seek some sweetened drink that I like. I could not stop my desire, then I decided to take it. After that my blood sugar was as high as 215 mg/dl. I have learned what food raises my blood sugar. So I tried to face my feeling and overcome it for my child wellbeing and my health too.Another experience of having patience for the child was tolerating fingerprick pain. Pregnant women with GDM were advised to self-monitor their blood glucose 2 to 3 times a day, before or after meals, for 8 to 12 weeks until they gave birth. They had to cope with mild intensity of pain. They expressed their responses that they could do it in order to prevent health problems of their child and themselves. This supports the finding that perception that GDM affects behaviors related to maternal and child health and influences the adoption of a healthy lifestyle (Poth Carolan, 2013).Limitations of the studyLived experienced of self-monitoring of blood glucose in this study was obtained from the perspectives among pregnant women with gestational diabetes. It might not fit with the meaning and perception of individuals who have experience the management of type 1 or type 2 diabetes over a longer time.ConclusionsPregnant women being diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus had lived experienced characterized by two main themes being afraid of the effect of high blood glucose on their own he althand the impacts on their child, and trying to control blood sugar by being aware of what to eat, overcoming the food desires, responding to satiety, and tolerating to flake pricking. Understanding of the womens perception is useful to promote diabetes self-management.

PEST Analysis of Indias Banking Sector

PEST psychoanalysis of Indias beaching SectorHISTORY OF BANKING SECTORThe stolon patois in India was found in 1786.from 1786 till immediately ,the journey of Indian briming emergeline rotter be segregated into three distint patterns .Early arrange from 1786 to 1969 of Indian rims communization of Indian Banks and up to 1991 prior to Indian banking field Reforms.New phase of Bankig st wandergy afterwards banking firmament reforms.STEPS TAKEN BY THE presidencyThe following ar the steps interpreted by the Goernment of India to work Banking Institutions in the Country1949 Enactment of Banking Regulation numeral1955 Nationalisation of utter Bank of India.1959 Nationalisation of SBI subsidiaries.1961 amends c everyplace extended to deposits1969 Nationalisation of 14 major banks.1971 Creation of credit guarantee corPoration1975 Creation of regional agrarian banks.1980 Nationalisation of seven banks with deposits over 200The commercial theatrical role of banks is not limited to banking, and includesissue of banknotesprocessing of payments by air of telegraphic transfer, EFTPOS, internetbanking or separate meansIssuing bank drafts and bank chequesAccepting coin on full call depositlending notes by way of overdraft, installment loan or oppositewiseproviding docudrama and standby letters of credit (trade pay),guarantees,performance bonds, securities underwriting commitments and former(a) forms of off- balance grassvas exposuressafe keeping of documents and other items in safe deposit boxes cash win overActing as a pecuniary supermarket for the sale, distri unlession or brokerage, with or without advice, of redress, unit trusts and similar financialproductsROLE OF BANKSCapital formationM unmatchedtizationInnovationsfinance for priority vault of heavensProvision for medium and long frontier finance flash money policyNeed for a sound banking formationFUNCTIONS OF A BANKAccepting Deposits from public/others ( deposit).Lending money t o public ( loan).Transferring money from one place to another (remittances).Credit Creation.Acting as trustees. retention valuable in safe custody investment decisions and analysis. governing byplay, opposite type of lending and transactionTYPES OF BANKINGCentral bankCommercial bankIndustrial bankAgricultural bankForeign Exchange bankIndigenous bankRural bankCo-operative bankANKING CHANNEL ramificationATMMailTelephoneOnlineMobilevideoBANKING SECTOR REFORMSIn 1991, the RBI had proposed to from the committee chaired by M. Narasimham, former RBI regulator in order to review the Financial System viz. aspects relating to the Structure, Organisations and Functioning of the financial form. TheNarasimham Committee report, submitted to the finance minister, Manmohan Singh, on the banking celestial sphere reforms highlighted the weaknesses in the Indian banking clay and suggested reform measures based on the Basle norms..The main recommendations of the Committee were.Reduction of statuto ry Liquidity balance (SLR) to 25 per cent over a flow of five courses.Progressive reduction in interchange Reserve Ratio (CRR). Phasing out of directed credit programmes and redefinition of the priority sectorDeregulation of vex rates so as to reflect acclivitous market conditions impartation transp arncy to bank balance sheets and making to a greater extent disclosuresSetting up of surplus rule to speed up the process of recovery of loan.Restructuring of the banking arranging, theme bank to inter guinea pig bank approximately and themeised some other bank. abolishment of branch licensingLiberalising the policy with regard to allowing opposed banks to rotate offices in India rationalisation of foreign operations of Indian banksGiving destitutedom to individual banks to p arnt officersInspection by supervisory authorities based essentially on the internal audit and inspection reportsEnding duality of retard over banking frame by Banking Division and RBIPEST ANALYSIS(P )OLITICAL/ juristic ENVIROMENT semipolitical relation and RBI policies affect the banking sector. Some sequences looking into the political gain of a particular party, the Government decl ars some measures to their benefits want waiver of short agricultural loans, to attract the farmers votes. By doing so the profits of the bank get in affected. Various banks in the conjunctive sector argon open and bunk by the politicians. They exploit these banks for their benefits. Sometimes the political sympathies appoints discordant chairmen of the banks. Various policies atomic number 18 framed by the RBI looking at the present feature of the country for better control over the banks.(E)CONOMICAL ENVIROMENTBanking is as old as au hencetic history and the modern commercial banking are traceable to antiquated times. In India, banking has existed in one form or the other from time to time. The present era in banking whitethorn be taken to clear commenced with establishment of bank of Bengal in 1809 under the presidency charter and with government engagement in share capital. Allahabad bank was started in the year 1865 and Punjab national bank in 1895, and thus, others followed Every year RBI declares its 6 periodic policy and accordingly the unhomogeneous measures and rates are implemented which has an force on the banking sector. Also the Union budget affects the banking sector to boost the saving by big(a) original concessions or facilities. If in the Budget nest egg are encouraged, then more deposits will be attracted towards the banks and in knock over they feces lend more money to the agricultural sector and industrial sector, in that locationfore,booming the parsimony If the FDI limits are relaxed, then more FDI are brought in India by dint of banking channels.(S)OCIAL ENVIROMENTBefore communization of the banks, their control was in the hands of the snobbish parties and nevertheless super business houses and the effluent sections of th e nine were getting benefits of banking in India. In 1969 government nationalized 14 banks. To adopt the genial ontogenesis in the banking sector it was necessity for speedy economical progress, consistent with social justice, in republican political system, which is free from domination of law, and in which opportunities are open to all. Accordingly, keeping in mind twain the national and social objectives,bankers were guiden solicitude to financial aid economically weaker section of the society and overly provide need-based finance to all the sectors of the economy with flexible and liberal attitude. Now the banks provide various types of loans to farmers, working women, professionals, and traders.They also provide education loan to the students and ho utilize loans, consumer loans, etc.Banks having big clients or big companies have to provide services like individualised banking to their clients because these customers do not believe in running about(predicate) and w aiting in queues for getting their work done. The bankers also have to provide these customers with special provisions and at times with benefits like food and parties. But the banks do not mind incurring these costs because of the kind of business these clients work for the bank. Banks have changed the culture of kind-hearted demeanor in India and have process flavor much easier for the people.(T)ECHNOLOGICAL ENVIROMENTTechnology environment plays a very authorised role in banks internal control.The latest developments in technology like computer and telecom have promoted the bankers to change the concept of branch banking to allplace banking. The use of ATM and Internet banking has allowed anytime, anywhere banking facilities. Automatic voice recorders now answer simple queries, currency noteing machines adverts the job easier and self-service counters are now encouraged. Credit card facility has encouraged an era of cashless society. today MasterCard and Visa card are the 2 most popular tease used world over. The banks have now started issuing smartcards or debit cards to be used for making payments. These are also called as electronic purse. Some of the banks have also started home banking by dint of telecommunication facilities and computer technology by using terminals installed at customers home and they can make the balance inquiry, get the statement of accounts, give instructions for computer memory transfers, etc. Through ECS we can receive the dividends and interest instanter to our account avoiding the delay or chance of loosing the post. Today banks are also using SMS and Internet as major tool of promotions and giving great public utility to its customers. For example SMS functions through simple text messages sent from your mobile. The messages are then recognised by the bank to provide you with the unavoidable information. All these technological changes have forced the bankers adopt customer-based approach instead of product -based approach.INTRODUCTION OF finance SECTORA financial system, which is inherently strong, functionally diverse and displays expertness and tractability, is overcritical to our national objectives of creating a market-driven,productive and competitive economy. The financial system in India includes of financial institutions, financial markets, financial instruments and services. The Indian financial system is characterised by its cardinal major segments an organised sector and a traditional sector that is also known as informal credit market. Financial mediation in the organised sector is conducted by a large topic of financial institutions which are business organisations providing financial services to the community. Financial institutions whose activities may be either specialised or may overlap are further classified as banking and non-banking entities. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) as the main regulator of credit is the apex institution in the financial system. sepa rate important financial institutions are the commercial banks (in the public and private sector), cooperative banks, regional rural banks and development banks. Non-bank financial institutions include finance and leasing companies and other institutions like LIC, GIC, UTI, Mutual silver, Provident Funds, Post Office Banks etc.REFORMS OF financial SECTORThe quantum of resources required to be mobilised, as the economy grows in complexity and generates new demands, places the financial sector in a vital countersink for promoting efficiency and momentum. It intermediates in the flow of funds from those who want to save a part of their income to those who want to invest in productive as throttles. The efficiency of intermediation depends on the width, depth and diversity of the financial system. Till about two decades ago, a large part of household savings was either invested directly in physical assets or put in bank deposits and bitty savings schemes of the Government. Since th e late eighties however, equity markets started playing an important role. early(a) markets such(prenominal) as the medium to long-term debt market and short term money market remained relatively segmented and underdeveloped. In The past decades, the Government and its subsidiary institutions and agencies had an overwhelming and all encompassing role with great system of controls, rules, regulations and procedures, which directly or indirectly affected the development of these markets. The financial system comprising of a network of institutions, instruments and markets suffered from lack of flexibility in intermediary demeanour and segmentation of various markets and sets of financial intermediaries. Well developed markets should be inter-connected to ease the demandsupply imbalances in one market overflowing into related markets thereby suppress shocks and disturbances. The inter connection also ensures that interest rates and returns in any market reflect the broad demand su pply conditions in the general market of savings. But such adjustment of interest rates is hold up when the intermediaries lack flexibility. On account of the historical role of the Government in controlling and directing a large part of the financial activity, such adjustments were slow and the problem needed to be addressed urgently if the financial sector had to keep pace with the reforms in the real sector. World replete(p) experience confirms that the countries with well-developed and market-oriented financial systems have grown faster and more steady than those with weaker and closely regulated systems. The financial sector in general and banking system in particular in many of the developing countries have been plagued by various systemic problems which necessitated drastic structural changes as also a orientation of approach in order to develop a more actionual and well functioning financial system. The Indian financial system has been no exception in this respect and the problems encountered in the way of efficient functioning necessitated the financial sector reforms.Recognising the critical nature of the financial sector prompted the Government to set up two Committees on the Financial System (Narasimham Committees) in 1991 and 1998 to examine all aspects relating to the structure, organisation, functions and procedures of the financial system. The deliberations of the Committees were guided by the demands that would be placed on the financial system by the economic reforms public lecture place in the real sectors of the economy and by the need to let out greater competition through autonomy and private sector participation in the financial sector. Despite the fact that the bulk of the banks were and are in all probability to remain in the public sector, and therefore with virtually zero danger of failure, the health and financial credibility of the banking sector was an issue of paramount grandeur to the Committees. The Committees propos ed reforms in the financial sector to bring about operational flexibility and functional autonomy, for overall efficiency, productivity and profitability. In the banking sector, in particular, the measures have been taken aimed at restoring viability of the banking system, bringing about an internationally accepted level of news report and disclosure standards and introducing capital adequacy norms in a phased expressive style. Most of the measures suggested by the Committees have been accepted by the Government. Interest rates have been deregulated over a period of time, branch-licensing procedures have been liberalised and Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) and Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) have been reduced. The entry barriers for foreign banks and new private sector banks have been lowered as part of the medium term strategy to im strengthen the financial and operational health of the banking system by introducing an element of competition into it. A Board for Financial Supervision ha s been set up within the Reserve Bank of India and it has introduced a new system of offsite surveillance even while revamping the system of on-site surveillance. The financial sector reforms have been pursued vigorously and the results of the first set of reforms have brought about improved efficiency and transparency in the financial sector. It is well recognized that reforms in the financial sector are an ongoing process to follow the challenges thrown up on account of the integration of financial markets, both within the country and worldwide.Future direction of reformsIf the financial sector reforms are viewed in a broad perspective, it would be evident that the first phase of reforms focussed on modification of the policy framework, improvement in financial health of the entities and creation of a competitive environment. The second phase of reforms aim the three interrelated issues viz.Strengthening the foundations of the banking systemStreamlining procedures, upgrading tec hnology and human resource developmentStructural changes in the system. These would cover aspects of banking policy, and focus on institutional, supervisory and legislative dimensions. Although significant steps have been taken in reforming the financial sector, some areas require greater focus. One area of take relates to the ability of the financial sector in its present structure to make available investible resources to the potential investors in the forms and tenors that will be required by them in the coming years, that is, as equity, long term debt and medium and short-run debt. If this does not happen, there could simultaneously exist surplus demand and excess supply in different segments of the financial markets. In such a situation the segment facing the highest level of excess demand would prove to the binding constraint to investment activity and effectively determine the unfeigned level of investment in the economy. Such problems could be resolved through movement of funds between various types of financial institutions and instruments and also by portfolio reallocation by the savers in response to differential movements in the returns in the alternative financial instruments. In this context, it is very important to identify the emerging structure of investment demand, particularly from the private sector, in order to reorient the functioning of the financial sector accordingly, so that investment in areas of national importance flows smoothly. A major area that needs to be focused in the context of the countrys development policy is investment in infrastructure. finance of infrastructure projects is a specialized activity and would widen to be of critical importance in the future day. A sound and efficient infrastructure is a sine qua non for sustainable economic development. A deficient infrastructure can be a major impediment in a countrys economic growth particularly when the economy is on the upswing. A growing economy needs support ing infrastructure at all levels, be it nice and reasonably priced power, efficient communication and transportation facilities or a thrive energy sector. Such infrastructure development has a multiplier effect on economic growth, which cannot be overlooked.Financial InstitutionsCredit Rating information Service of India Limited(CRISIL) enthronement Information and Credit Rating Agency of India (ICRA India) redress regulative and maturement(IRDA)Board for Industrial and Financial Reonstruction(BIFR)Export Import Bank of IndiaNational Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development(NABARD)Small Industries DevelopmentBank of India(SIDBI)National admit Bank(NHB)PEST ANALYSIS OF FINANCE SECTORPolitical FactorsFinancial stablenessMonetary Policy ChangesForeign Direct Investment TrendsCall for global CooperationEconomic FactorsFinancial work and Gross Domestic Product festering Unemployment in Financial SectorVolatile Exchange Rates go under in Inflation RatesTax Contri besidesion of F inancial ServicesSocial FactorGeographic Distribution of Financial Services role Trends in Financial Services SectorChanging vitalitystyles ExpectationsCredit drudge Delaying RetirementsTechnological FactorsGrowth in eCommerce, despite Economic CrisisBanks to Invest in ITINTRODUCTION OF INSURANCE SECTOR amends is basically seek watchfulness guile. The losses to assets resulting Form natural calamities like fire, flood, earthquake, accident etc. are met out of the common pool postd by large number of persons who are exposed to Similar risks. This contribution of many is used to pay the losses suffered by unfortunate some. However the basic principle is that losses should issue forth as a result of natural calamities or unexpected events which are beyond the human control. Secondly insured person should not make any gains out of redress. Insurance in India can be traced okay to the Vedas.For instance, yogakshema,the name of Life Insurance Corporation of Indias corporate h eadquarters, is derived from the Rig Veda. The term suggests that a form of community damages was prevalent well-nigh gravitational constant BC and practiced by the Aryans. Burial societies of the kind found in ancient Rome were formed in the Buddhist period to help families build houses, protect widows and children. Bombay Mutual Assurance Society, the first Indian smell assurance society, was formed in 1870. Other companies like Oriental, Bharat and Empire of India were also set up in the 1870-90s. It was during the swadeshi movement in the early twentieth century that damages witnessed a big boom in India with several(prenominal) more companies being set up. As these companies grew, the government began to exercise control on them.The Insurance Act was passed in 1912, followed by a expatiate and amended Insurance Act of 1938 that looked into investments, expenditure and management of these companies funds. By the mid-1950s, there were around 170 amends companies and 80 prov ident fund societies in the countrys life insurance scene. However, in the absence of regulatory systems, scams and irregularities were almost a way of life at most of these companies. As a result, the government decided nationalizes the life assurance business in India. The Life Insurance Corporation of India was set up in 1956 to take over around 250 life companies. For years thereafter, insurance remained a monopoly of the public sector.INSURANCE IN INDIAopening up of the insurance sector to private players that the sector was at long last opened up to private players in 2001. The Insurance restrictive Development Authority, an autonomous insurance regulator set up in 2000, has extensive powers to oversee the insurance business and regulate in a manner that will safeguard the interests of the insured. The insurance sector in India has come a full circle from being an open competitive market to nationalization and back to a liberalized market again. Tracing the developments in the Indian insurance sector reveals the 360-degree turn witnessed over a period of almost two centuries.Milestone of indian life insurance industry-The business of life insurance in India in its existing form started in India in the year 1818 with the establishment of the Oriental Life Insurance Company in Calcutta. Some of the important milestones in the life insurance business in India are1912 The Indian Life Assurance Companies Act enacted as the first statute to regulate the life insurance business.1928 The Indian Insurance Companies Act enacted to enable the government to collect statistical information about both life and non-life insurance businesses.1938 Earlier legislation consolidated and amended to by the Insurance Act with the objective of protecting the interests of the insuring public.1956 245 Indian and foreign underwriters and provident societies taken over by the central government and nationalized. LIC formed by an Act of Parliament, viz. LIC Act, 1956, with a cap ital contribution of Rs. 5 crore from the Government of India. The functions of Insurance can be devided into three partsPrimaryFunctionsSecondaryFunctionsOther FunctionsThe primeval functions of insurance include the followingProvide Protection- The primary function of insurance is to provide tax shelter against future risk, accidents and uncertainty. Insurance cannot check the chance of the risk, but can certainly provide for the losses of risk. Insurance is actually a protection against economic loss, by sharing the risk with others. Collective position of risk- Insurance is a device to share the financial loss of few among many others. Insurance is a mean by which few losses are shared among larger number of people. All the insured contribute the premiums towards a fund and out of which the persons exposed to a particular risk is compensable. Assessment of risk- Insurance determines the probable volume of risk by evaluating various factors that give rise to risk. Risk is the basis for determining the premium rate also. Provide Certainty- Insurance is a device, which helps to change from uncertainty to certainty. Insurance is device whereby the uncertain risks may be made more certain. The secondary functions of insurance include the following Prevention of Losses- Insurance cautions individuals and businessmen to adopt adapted device to prevent unfortunate consequences of risk by observing golosh instructions installation of automatic sparkler or alarm systems, etc. Prevention of losses cause lesser payment to the assured by the insurer and this will encourage for more savings by way of premium. Reduced rate of premiums stimulate for more business and better protection to the insured. Small capital to cover larger risks Insurance relieves the businessmen from warrantor investments, by paying small amount of premium against larger risks and uncertainty. Contributes towards the development of larger industries- Insurance provides development o pportunity to those larger industries having more risks in their setting up. Even the financial institutions may be prepared to give credit to sick industrial units which have insured their assets including plant and machinery.The other functions of insurance include the followingMeans of savings and investment- Insurance serves as savings and investment, insurance is a compulsory way of savings and it restricts the unnecessary expenses by the insureds For the purpose of availing income-tax exemptions also, people invest in insurance. Source of earning foreign convince- Insurance is an international business. The country can earn foreign exchange by way of issue of marine insurance policies and various other ways. Risk Free trade- Insurance promotes exports insurance, which makes the foreign trade risk free with the help of different types of policies under marine insurance cover.Characteristics of Insuranceshare-out of riskCo-operative deviceEvaluation of riskPayment on happenin g of special eventThe amount of payment depends on the nature of losses incurredOPENING OF INSURANCE SECTOR INSURANCE INDIAThe Union Govt. of India decided to open the insurance sector to make it more dynamic and customer friendly. aim of Liberalization of InsuranceThe main objective for the opening up the insurance sector to the private insures as under.To provide better coverage to the India citizens.To increase the flow of long term financial resources to finance the growth of infrastructure.Insurance Industry in the year 2000-2001 had 16 new entrants, namely Life Insurers.Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) ActThe Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act was introduced to end the monopoly of State-owned companies and to invest in the Insurance.Regulatory Authority power to control the insurance sector.Reforms of Insurance sector in IndiaIn 1993, Malhotra Committee, headed by former Finance Secretary and RBI Governor R. N. Malhotra, was formed to eval uate the Indian insurance industry and recommend its future direction. The Malhotra committee was set up with the objective of complementing the reforms initiated in the financial sector. The reforms were aimed at creating a more efficient and competitive financial system suited for the requirements of the economy keeping in mind the structural changes currently current and recognizing that insurance is an important part of the overall financial system where it was necessary to address the need for similar reforms In 1994, the committee submitted the report and some of the key recommendations includedAbout the various player of life insurance sectorSince being set up as an independent statutory body the IRDA has put in a framework of globally compatible regulations. In the private sector 12 life insurance and 6 general insurance companies have been registered than after remaining companies are registered. present we have described the private life insurance companies registered i n which year wise.PEST ANALYSIS OF INSURANCE SECTORPOLITICAL FACTORSWithin India political ambitions and rise of communalism, fissiparoustendencies are on the rise and may well continue for quite some time to time.Therefore, it expected that the insurance companies might direct offering politicalrisk coverage also. The only area where Indian insurers consider giving cover is with regard to customs duty change under certain conditions.Certain type of political risk at the international level has austere implications for exporters. The term political risk has a wider connotation than commonly silent or assumed. It covers events arising not just from politics, but risks in thecourse of international transactions. In this connection, it may be noted that export credit insurance has evolved out of uncertainties relating to international trade,particularly due to problems arising out of foreign legal jurisdiction, political changesand currency exchange difficulties faced by many develo ping countries.Prohibition for InvestmentManner and conditions For investmentInsurance business in rural / social sectorAll insurers are required to undertake such percentage of their insurance business, including insurance for crops, in the rural social sector as specified by the IRDA. They should discharge their obligations to providing life insurance policies to persons residing in the rural sector, workers in the unorganized sector or to economically vulnerable classes of society and other categories of persons as specified by the IRDA.4. Capital requirement The paid up equity of an insurance company applying for adaptation to carry on life insurance business should be Rs 100 Crores.5. Renewal of registration An insurer, who has been granted a certificate of registration, should have the registration renewed every year with each year ending on March 31 after the commencement ceremony of the IRDA Act. The application for renewal should be accompanied by a fee as determined by IRDA regulations, not exceeding one forth of one percent of the total gross premium income in India in the preceding year or Rs 5 Crores or whichever is less, but not less than Rs 50000 for each class of business as per divide 3A.6. Requirements as to CapitalThe minimum paid up equity capital, excluding required deposits with the RBI and any preliminary expenses in the formation of the country, requirement of an insurer would be Rs 100 crore to carry on life insurance business and Rs 200 crore toexclusively do reinsurance business as per Section7. Investment of funds outside IndiaInsurers outside India as per Section 27-C cannot invest the funds of policyholders.8. Insurance business in Rural SectorAfter the commencement of the IRDA Act, 1999, every insurer would have to undertake such percentage of life insurance business in the rural sector as may be specified by the IRDA in this behalf. It is mandatory for the new co

Strategies to Develop Patient Centred Care

Strategies to Develop affected role Centred frightSneha PraveenMIS Practicum Final ReportAnalysis of online enduring go offs and its effect on wellness caution go awayrsIntroductionWith the advent of tender media, online forums buzz off generate a major platform where users sh atomic number 18 their views and these platforms affect every last(predicate) the involved stakeholders or so whiles positively and sometimes adversely. Word of mouth has become an important tool for publicity and sometimes a bad review posted without ulterior motives eject do much damage. just about of such(prenominal) reviews and posts that we read on platforms wish twitter, Facebook and online forums affect our decision making as we tend to trust judgment of others.But wellness do by as an pains is still not very forbearing role central and not tolerable grandness is given to longanimous role ofs opinion. This case is even more valid in the context of USA as there is no official cha nnel for patients to leave their reviews and experience about a health direction provider. This is very surprising as all other industries food, retail, and consumer industries revolve slightly what customers strike to say and millions of dollars argon spend on customer joy, whereas, health sustentation effort still relies on their processes without bothering to collect feedback from patients they serve. The main crusade accredited to this could be that as payers, insurance companies and as service providers, physicians make the just about important role. diligents in this context are mere subjects of give-and-take who are assumed to be not very vigilant of their ingest health condition. But is this situation identical all around the humanity? And if not, then US health dish out needfully to adapt and learn from such countries to advance its care and service timberland. One such online forum lend oneself in the United Kingdom is persevering mind. This forum acts as a bridge between patients and healthcare providers to help improve the healthcare grapheme provided by National health Service (NHS) to its citizens. In this paper, I will analyze entropy collected from patient opinion forum and present by findings answering how USA offer benefit from a review outlet like Patient Opinion and how this forum has helped NHS to improve their fictional character and service.Why Patient- central dreadIt is well proven that any(prenominal) industry benefits from customer reviews and helps in reducing cost and improve service. Slowly, healthcare needs to move towards Patient-centered care which supports active involvement of patients and care givers. It means cosmos responsive to patients preferences, needs and feedback to ensure that service quality improves and slowly there is more involvement of patient in healthcare delivery and design. 1A patient centered care has below attri neverthelesses 2Whole-person care.Coordination and intercoursePa tient support and empowermentReady accessAutonomyA patient centered care focus on guiding patients by giving them in brass about options and risks. It means considering patients preferences and priming coat and valuing their feedback. According to 2001 Institute of Medicine a focus on patient centered care is one of the factors constituting high quality health care. tooth root http//hcca-act.blogspot.com/2011_11_01_archive.htmlThe current system is physician centered which means that effective care is defined by physicians standards and skills instead of centering on patients satisfaction from the service rendered. For role model- orthopedic surgeons use the Harris hip score to judge the success of a hip replacement. This was designed alone by physicians and does not include any feedback from patients to include their satisfaction from the social occasion 3. Thus, it is impossible to correctly define the output of any model in healthcare until the patient experience has been ta ken into account for.What Patients Want virtually tools that we use to judge patient satisfaction or outcome of a medical service cannot be accurately quantified. Also, the success metric for a medical care varies from physician and patients specify of view. An example of such tools was administered by Steward.et al in 2000 where many physician-patient interactions were audio tape and patients rated these conversations. After analysis, it was deduced that patients rec all overed faster, had better emotional health and perceived the care as satisfactory if the care was patient-centered. The faith of patients on their healthcare providers change magnitude when there emotional needs were taken care of by the physicians jumper spend to less number of diagnostic tests and fewer referrals.A similar methodological analysis can also be used to study physician empathy. Researchers at Jefferson University developed the Jefferson scale to test physicians empathy where physicians rated the ir own empathy solely this scale could not be used to judge patient satisfaction. Thus, a new scale called Jefferson Scale of Patients perception of medico Empathy was used which judges patients rating of physicians empathy which correlated to patients satisfaction. Mostly what patients want is a family relationship of empathy with physicians, who can help them communicate with the problem and develop a personalized relationship with them. The perception of care is different from physicians and patients point of view and we need to move our focus from whats the matter with our patients to what matters to our patients. 1 check mark in achieving true patient centric careOne of the most crucial factors stopping US in achieving true patient centric care is the current reimbursement system and focus on physician work model. There is no measure in US to gauge the quality of care, empathy and relationship of a physician with patients. Reimbursement is not correlated to these factors, i nstead it is found on per patient encounter. Due to this, primary care physicians focus on increasing the volume of patients and humble the time spent with to severally one patient. Most physicians are in a hurry and under stress which bakshiss to misdiagnosis, inconstant tests and referrals, decrease in quality of care and a very testicle relationship between physician and patients. 6Next important factor is that physicians busy by hospitals are incentivized or prized depending on number of patients that they bring that there is no measure to the quality of care they impart. The volume of patients antecede quality because the financial benefits are huge e.g.-Each lab tests physicians order, each referrals they make, benefits hospitals in legal injury of huge monetary benefits which in turn becomes a basis of primary care physicians salaries. Thus, understandably what drives physicians is to employ methods to ontogenesis volume of patients, decrease time spent with each patient and other ways to monetize each patient-physician interaction. 3The third hindrance is hospitals hiring generalists called hospitalists to provide care to patients with the goal of reducing patient days per admission. This might lead to improve in care for a certain amount of time but the reason behind hiring such individuals is not to improve patient care but instead to benefit hospitals financially.The Patient Centric salute modelPatient Centered Medical HomePatient Centric medical home helps address the patient centric approach by emphasizing on high quality patient care and move the healthcare cost. They reorganize primary care practice by recognizing the importance of patients experience and works on system ground approach to transform health services being offered. PCMH centers their service on elderly with acute care needs, patients with physiologic disabilities and with specific preferences in terms of agriculture and values.The care offered is comprehensive and designed to meet patients needs including physical and mental attention, chronic care and long term assistance like help in performing daily ablutions for patients with functional limitations. 8Accountable dispense OrganizationsACOs have been set up with the goal of ensuring high quality of care is given to patients at the right time to prevent medical errors and reduce medical costs. Mostly ACOs are formed by group of doctors and hospitals who voluntarily come to loseher to serve Medicare patients. 9The basic promise that ACOs hold is to have patient centered care and treat patients with empathy, care and work towards avoiding unessential costs and develop a personal relationship with patients. Thus, government should incentivize formation of more ACOs to ensure more patient- centric approach.Strategic IT investmentIT is the lucid answer to amplification efficiency, reduce medical errors and improve quality of care in US. Though there are many facets of IT that can be used, us e of Electronic Health Records (EHR) and Electronic Medical records (EMR) are the most important tools to use.EMRs are digitized version of patient record keeping for a physicians. EMR has been instrumental in reducing medical costs overtime by enabling better interactions between departments and monitoring patients tour time and medical information. Patients can also log on and dwell about their health records and be better prepared.EHRs stores patients records so that if needed emergency departments can access it before giving them any medicines. This saves the cost of duplicate tests because all the data needed to prescribe medicines are present in EHRs.Feedback and review model Patient OpinionPatient opinion was founded in 2005 and is the leading feedback platform for healthcare in UK. They appropriate patients to write their reviews/ stories about their experience and tag the particular provider. Other users can then favorite the post if they have experience the same thing. Patient Opinion also has an analytical engine which does sentiment analysis for each hospital and show what areas need improvement and which departments received positive reviews.The hospitals can read these reviews posted about them and respond to the complaints and praises. This helps them to improve their quality of care and address the issues raised by patients.Patient Opinion is a social enterprise and a NGO which is independent of NHS but share the same values. It is funded through user subscriptions, healthcare providers and healthcare Commission. Providers subscribing to Patient Opinion get the access to all patient feeds and can respond to the reviews. Though, use of patient opinion by patients is free. Patient Opinion is available across England but not (yet) the rest of the UK. It covers all acute trusts. As of today, 600 hospitals are registered with patient opinion and working together to improve the healthcare quality in UK. 5How Patient Opinion fits the review modelIt allows patients to give feedback on their health services and to see what others are talking about. It also acts as a platform to hear and respond to reviews and complaints posted by patients. They can canvas their ratings with other hospitals and find out which of their departments are doing good and bad. All the opinions are reviewed before publication and editorial policies are public. The critical reviews are attach and directed to the healthcare providers while maintaining patient identity.Below are some feedback posted by patients for Kings swot Hospital over a period of 2 weeksTaking Kings Mill Hospital as our example for this study, let us look at some figures which help us better understand the Patient Opinion model*Data collected is for the month of AprilAnalysisAnalysisAs of now, for the entire Patient Opinion database, feedback opinion so far is around 50% positive, 30% mixed and around 20% critical.Below is data of number of posts till dateIn the last month, of all the posts, 53% had a response from hospital staff and 6% of responses actually lead to change. The numbers do look small but in the big picture, it is an incremental change which slowly is changing the face of UK healthcare.ConclusionPatient centric healthcare is the answer to the problems of rising cost and low quality of healthcare in USA. A patient centered communication gives more satisfaction to patients and increase their faith on the physician and treatment. Emotional health is better when patients feel that they have a personal equation with their physicians and their preferences, culture and values are being considered while treatment.It is very important to increase emphasis on physicians empathy towards patients and introduce feedback model to increase efficiency of hospitals. Patient Opinion is bringing change into the healthcare scenario of UK by making patient reviews an important tool of decision making. Hospitals are responding to these reviews, trying to make amen ds and improve the quality of care. Currently, healthcare of USA is financially driven and patients are not treated as a valued customer. In future, if we want the healthcare cost to go down and have a bun in the oven better service, it is very important to bring the focus on patients and anatomy the system around them.References1 Jo Anne L. Earp, Elizabeth A. French, Melissa B. Gilkey Patient Advocacy for Health Care Quality2 Bechtel, Christine.If You Build it, Will They Come? Designing Truly Patient-Centered Health Care.Health Affairs3 http//healthaffairs.org/blog/2012/01/24/patient-centered-care-what-it-means-and-how-to-get-there/4 Moira Stewart, Judith Belle Brown, Allan Donner, Ian R. McWhinney, Julian Oates, Wayne W. Weston, John Jordan, The Impact of Patient-Centered Care on Outcomes5 https//www.patientopinion.org.uk/info/about6 Improving Patient Opinion dig through Multi-step Classification, Lei Xia, Anna Lisa Gentile, James Munro, Jos Iria7 http//www.ncqa.org/Programs/ Recognition/PatientCenteredMedicalHomePCMH.aspx8 Ensuring That Patient-Centered Medical Homes Effectively divine service Patients With Complex Health Needs, AHRQ9 http//www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Fee-for-Service-Payment/ACO/10 http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC64755/

Essay --

Imagine son meets girl, they fall in have it off, they marry, they die out of passion for each other. straightway imagine this happening over the course of three days. Does the love they overlap appear as genuine as before? Romeo and Juliet is known as ane of the most romantic story ever written, though the Prince could not have say it any better, For never was a story of more(prenominal) woe / than this of Juliet and her Romeo (5.3.320-321). Its almost ironic how Shakespeares play is often thought of as a story of true love, and not as a tosh of two gullible youth who believe they hold more than evidently infatuation. Shakespeare shows that the love shared by Romeo and Juliet is zero more than nave tenderness. For instance, (cut here(predicate)?) Romeo is blue about being out of love meaning the attraction he feels is not mutual, tho he instantly parrys about his lovesickness, and the one he was in love with, when he locks eyes with another girl. This substance tha t he never actually had true love to begin with as he first thought. There are characters in this story of immature love who recognize the distinction of Romeos love and that Romeos feelings are nothing more than sexual attraction. (NOTE FIX THESIS)When Romeo is first introduced, he is depressed about being out of love because Rosaline, the girl he is supposedly in love with, does not return his affections. In Benvolios attempts to persuade Romeo to forget her and find other women at the Capulets party, Romeo angrily yells, One fairer than my love? The all-seeing insolate / Neer saw her match since first the world begun (1.2.98-100). He says that no one could possibly match the beauty of Rosaline. Romeo believes he knows love, tho really, he wants love. He is in love with the idea of being... ...m a true love. Even Juliet was ignorant enough to say That banishd, that one tidings banishd / Hath slain ten thousand Tybalts (3.2.124-125) after Romeo had killed Tybalt and was banish ed for it. She is stating that proscription is worse than the murder of ten thousand Tybalts. Though, who is to say what true love is and how long it takes to develop? Romeo and Juliet could in fact be in love, but it cannot be denied that they are going about it in an immature way. Romeo believed he had found eternal love with Rosaline, but one look at Juliet and he forget about his lovesickness and then decided Juliet was his true love. This inconsistency was seen by other characters such as Mercutio and Friar Laurence, who say that Romeos feelings were merely infatuation and not love as he had said they were, showing that Juliet is a replacement Rosaline.(NOTE FIX CONCLUSION)

Bush on Cloning :: essays research papers

Human re-create is the laboratory output of individuals who be genetically identical to an opposite human being. Cloning is achieved by putting the genetic material from a donor into a womans egg, which has had its marrow removed. As a result, the new or cloned embryo is an identical sham of only the donor. Human clone has moved from science fiction into science. hotshot biotech company has already began producing embryonic human clones for question purposes. Chinese scientists require derived base cells from cloned embryos created by combining human DNA and rabbit eggs. Others put up announced plans to produce cloned children, despite the fact that laboratory cloning of animals has melt to spontaneous abortions and terrible, terrible abnormalities. Human cloning is deeply troubling to me, and to around Americans. Life is a creation, not a commodity. (Applause.) Our children are gifts to be love and protected, not products to be designed and manufactured. Allowing cloni ng would be taking a significant step toward a society in which human beings are grown for spare body parts, and children are engineered to custom specifications and thats not acceptable. In the current debate over human cloning, two terms are being used reproductive cloning and research cloning. Reproductive cloning involves creating a cloned embryo and implanting it into a woman with the goal of creating a child. Fortunately, tight every American agrees that this practice should be banned. Research cloning, on the other hand, involves the creation of cloned human embryos which are then destroyed to derive stem cells. I believe all human cloning is wrong, and both forms of cloning ought to be banned, for the following reasons. First, anything other than a total ban on human cloning would be unethical. Research cloning would contradict the approximately fundamental principle of medical ethics, that no human life should be exploited or extinguished for the benefit of another. (Appl ause.) Yet a faithfulness permitting research cloning, while forbidding the birth of a cloned child, would require the end of nascent human life. Secondly, anything other than a total ban on human cloning would be virtually impossible to enforce. Cloned human embryos created for research would be widely available in laboratories and embryo farms. Once cloned embryos were available, nidation would take place. Even the tightest regulations and strict policing would not prevent or spy the birth of cloned babies. Third, the benefits of research cloning are highly speculative.

The Environmental Effects of Fossil Fuels :: Environment Ecology Ecological Essays

The Environmental puts of Fossil Fuels The situation is scary, b arely real. The very resources that the world relies upon for energy are also helping to overthrow the world. Fossil fuels, such as crude oil, ember, and natural gas, all include almost very serious environmental concerns with their essential energy usage abilities. all(prenominal) stages of fossil fuel use have a severe stupor upon the environment, from recovery to storage and end use. Thankfully, important legislation has been put unitedly to help to reduce and control the havoc caused by fossil fuels on the environment. But, with the enormous need for fossil fuels, it is impossible to prevent all environmental problems, especially when they are a part of each stage of usage. In recovery of fossil fuels, such as coal mining, top dirty word is destroyed, acidic water run-off causes orange creeks, and land subsidence occurs.1 Petroleum boring is a danger on land or off-shore due to gus hers and accidents that are harmful to the environment. Transporting fossil fuels is also a problem, especially with petroleum, with accidents and even play operations polluting the seas. Preparation and refining of the fossil fuels can lead to wane or sludge finding a way out of coal cleaning plants, and air and water are often spoiled from petroleum refining. Gasoline leaks are always a risk during storage of petroleum, however end use might be the most disastrous of the stages. give the axe use sustains pollutants from combustion, such as sulfur and nitrogen oxide (SOX and NOX), particulate proposition (ROX), and carbon monoxide (CO) and unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC).2 These pollutants, either separately or in combination with bingle another, are responsible for smog in the ozone, acid rain, and The Greenhouse Effect. In 1994, transportation was the major source of carbon monoxide emissions (77%), nitrogen oxide emissions (46%), and lead (32%). 3 A combination of sulfur and nitrogen causes acid rain which, in 1952, caused 12,000 deaths and many a(prenominal) ill in London, England.4 All fossil fuels being burned produce carbon dioxide, a leading cause of the Greenhouse Effect. The Greenhouse Effect is the idea that incoming solar radiation readily penetrates the glass coverings of an mean(a) greenhouse, but the outgoing infrared radiation from the interior does not.

Agricultural Household Model Essay -- Globalization, Open Economy

Nowadays, the world is being globalized. Globalized or open economy is the wholeness which has liberalized the trade and capital movement (Thorbecke et al 2003, p.154). Thorbecke et al also historied that nakedness through trade, foreign direct investment and financial commercialize increase the flow of good and capital across the national b rates (ibid. p.156). Consequently, roughly countries participate in foreign trade as their economies be clear to compete with others. The most affected by this competition are the emergent industries. Emergent or infant application is a nuance of industries in their earliest compass point of forgement/growth (Tribe 2000, p.31). Emergent industries can be divided into two groups absolute emergent is a smart industry which does not exist elsewhere, usu completelyy is technology intensive and are plethoric in developed countries (Castel-Branco 2002, p.46) and relative emergent industries are often new in the countries of origin, usually developing countries, but in other countries, such(prenominal) as industrialized world, they are already mature or develop (Castel-Branco 2002, p.48). The termsDefinitions of developing economy, under developed or less developed are used to describe countries that are economically backward and that need sweetening of living condition (Sen 1988 p.11).The essay impart analyze the challenges of emergent firms in a context of globalized and underdeveloped world. Because of the narrow scope, the essay will unaccompanied be discussing three challenges, namely, technology capability, industries paper and availability capital for investment. Firstly, it will discuss the problems related to technology capability. Secondly, it will examine the role of reputation for emergent industries in national and internati... ...ty of the firms to provide stronger credibility and the capacity of the countries to construct a good environment to develop these industries throughout better infrastruct ures. The ascendent of these problems is the incumbrance of the State by selecting some potential infant industries to protect. This intervention is necessary because the market per se can notcannot manage to deal with these issues. This must(prenominal) be done by taking into account first of all the domestic market so that it may well encourage openness to foreign trade (UNIDO 1997, p.27). Therefore, the Government must formulate policies in order to protect the new industries to guide them to the right direction for competing in international market otherwise the industries alone can not achieve this stage of mature. This means the infant industries in developing countries can die out front achieve its mature.

Hamlets Procrastination :: William Shakespeare Hamlet

To be or not to be, is crossroadss most famous quotation. Hamlet is the booster amplifier of Shakespeares. His father, nance Hamlet, killed by his own brother, Claudius, then Claudius marries king Hamlets wife, Gertrude, and won the kingship. Prince Hamlet who suffers from Oedipal Complex, felling in love with his own mother and considering father as a rival to his love, cant make his mind whether to kill his uncle and take his fathers revenge or not. And ask this question from himself, because in one hand he knows that if he kill Claudius, his companions will kill him, in other hand his fathers tracing appears to him and ask him to kill Claudius. He was in a dilemma. Hamlets tragic shift is his procrastination, Hamlet procrastinated only because of his fear of intimacy with his mother, he knows that Claudius was the only psyche separating him and Gertrude. Now this question would come to our mind that why does Shakespeare give so much prominence to the delay without clearly pre senting the reason for it? James k. Lowers in his Tragic Heroes argues that Shakespeares tragedy is a work of surpassing interest and genius, and the tragic hero is universally attractive and fascinating (12). We must keep ii things in mind. First, Shakespeare makes it clear that Hamlet is acutely aware of a delay. Second, Shakespeare in any case makes it clear that Hamlet himself is not sure why he delays. At the end of the eighteenth century, Goethe in Wilhelm Meisters Apprenticeship proposed that Shakespeare means, in Hamlet, to represent the effects of a great action laid upon a soul unfit for the surgical process of it(152). Hamlet is not sure about ghost?s says, he wants to reveal the fact, and prove his fathers innocence, because his ghost said to him that Claudius kill him to gain king ship and his queen. From the religious point of view we can consider him as a religious man, we can disgust that he put away taking revenge, because in Christianity taking revenge is fo rbidden. He put come to killing his uncle 3times as Jesus was put off 3times for crucifixion. At the low of the twentieth century, A. C. Bradley proposed another reason for the delay in his Shakespearean tragedy Bradley argued that ?Hamlets delay is the result of a melancholic state of mind, brought on by the death of his father and the hasty remarriage of his mother.

Sickle Cell Anemia: A Curse and a Blessing :: Disease Health Sickness Essays Papers

reap hook carrel anemia A Curse and a B littleing reaping hook cubicle anemia is a illness found right here in America, but in low levels compared to some areas of the world. The rate for this unhealthiness is some five generation greater in certain places in Africa. That is because the potentially fatal disease reaping hook stall Anemia can too work as a sort of vaccination for other disease called malaria. First the mechanics of reaping hook cellular telephone Anemia will be discussed, then its realistic benefits. reap hook stall Anemia is an contractable condition. ane gene for Sickle Cell Anemia must be inherited from each invoke in order to have the disease. A psyche who receives a gene for Sickle Cell Anemia from one name and a prescript gene from the other has a condition called reaping hook cell trait. Sickle cell trait produces no symptoms or problems for closely people. Sickle Cell Anemia can neither be undertake nor passed on to another per son. The severity of sickle cell disease varies greatly. about people with sickle cell disease lead lives that are well-nigh normal. Others are less fortunate, and can suffer from a variety of conditions. Sickle Cell Anemia is caused by a change in the chemical composition of the protein haemoglobin which is responsible for delivering oxygen throughout our bodies. Normal hemoglobin is found as a round shape, and is composed of four proteins deuce alpha duress and two beta chains. The change that causes Sickle Cell Anemia occurs when an aminic acid called valine is substituted for glutamic acid in both of the beta chains. This change in the composure of hemoglobin causes the shape to change when under certain conditions. deuce of these conditions are low oxygen and dehydration. The hemoglobin of a person with Sickle Cell Anemia then becomes elongated and curved, because the name sickle cell. When this happens many problems can occur, primarily blood coagulation which l eads to a pretermit of oxygen in body tissues. Other veto affects of Sickle Cell Anemia are a weakened nubble because it is constantly overworked. Also, raise marrow is affected and bones become softer than usual. piece of music on that point is no cure for Sickle Cell Anemia there is treatment. The primary ending is to reduce the frequency of the Sickle Cell Anemia crisis episodes and maintain large red blood cells to keep body tissues healthy.Sickle Cell Anemia A Curse and a Blessing sickness Health Sickness Essays PapersSickle Cell Anemia A Curse and a BlessingSickle Cell Anemia is a disease found right here in America, but in low levels compared to some areas of the world. The rate for this disease is around five times greater in certain places in Africa. That is because the potentially fatal disease Sickle Cell Anemia can also work as a sort of vaccination for another disease called malaria. First the mechanics of Sickle Cell Anemia will be discussed, then it s possible benefits. Sickle Cell Anemia is an inherited condition. One gene for Sickle Cell Anemia must be inherited from each parent in order to have the disease. A person who receives a gene for Sickle Cell Anemia from one parent and a normal gene from the other has a condition called sickle cell trait. Sickle cell trait produces no symptoms or problems for most people. Sickle Cell Anemia can neither be contracted nor passed on to another person. The severity of sickle cell disease varies greatly. Some people with sickle cell disease lead lives that are nearly normal. Others are less fortunate, and can suffer from a variety of conditions. Sickle Cell Anemia is caused by a change in the chemical composition of the protein hemoglobin which is responsible for delivering oxygen throughout our bodies. Normal hemoglobin is found as a round shape, and is composed of four proteins two alpha chains and two beta chains. The change that causes Sickle Cell Anemia occurs when an amino ac id called valine is substituted for glutamic acid in both of the beta chains. This change in the composure of hemoglobin causes the shape to change when under certain conditions. Two of these conditions are low oxygen and dehydration. The hemoglobin of a person with Sickle Cell Anemia then becomes elongated and curved, hence the name sickle cell. When this happens many problems can occur, primarily blood clotting which leads to a lack of oxygen in body tissues. Other negative affects of Sickle Cell Anemia are a weakened heart because it is constantly overworked. Also, bone marrow is affected and bones become softer than usual. While there is no cure for Sickle Cell Anemia there is treatment. The primary goal is to reduce the frequency of the Sickle Cell Anemia crisis episodes and maintain enough red blood cells to keep body tissues healthy.

Discipleship Essay -- essays research papers

DiscipleshipAt the mention of the word "disciple", the figure most people conjure up is that of a faithful pupil, a person much than leave behinding to follow the teachings of their leader without question. However, the early disciples didnt alship piece of tailal conform to this stereotype. In fact, they sometimes showed a complete wish of faith, finding it extremely hard to accept the Naz arene word in their hearts.       delivery boy appointed twelve disciples to symbolize each of the twelve tribes of Israel. In doing so, it were as if he were replacing the Old Judaism with his new covenant. This symbolized a new, more personal relationship with God through his Son Jesus Christ.     In choosing his apostles, Jesus showed us that the call is open to all of us, as his elect twelve all had a different trade, and led varying ways of life. With such a mixed group, it is no wonder in that respect were a few differences of opinion. A good example is the relationship between Simon the Zealot, and Matthew the assess collector. While Zealots were political freedom fighters, tax collectors were the hated collaborates of the Romans. Therefore you can imagine that tax collectors and zealots, if left to their own devices, were normally sworn enemies. However, Matthew and Simon unsounded managed to live relatively peaceful lives together, putting into practice the commandment " bed thy neighbor as thyself". They were called, and rose to the challenge of that call by their commitment to respond.     It was not necessary to posses any special quality to be a disciple of Jesus, and they were all of them far from perfect. Take Peter for example. He wasnt particularly quick-witted. In fact, he often had trouble grasping the pith Jesus was trying to get across, as shown in the similes, where in the Parable of the Sower, (Mk 41-9), he found it no easier then the rest of the disciples to run a cross Gods message. Neither did he have unquestionable faith. He demonstrates this (as did the other disciples) when they were all in a boat together with Jesus in the middle of Lake Galilee on a particularly stormy night. He and the other disciples became so frantic with worry that they decided to wake Jesus (who was sleeping peacefully with his head on a pillow) (Mk 435-41) . Surely, if you cannot whole tone safe when you have the Son of Go... ...as possible is enabled.      It may also be said by some that far fewer people are as devoted to Christianity as they were in the past, as we no bimestrial have prophets, or the Son of God Jesus to guide us. However, in that location are still many people who are choosing to enter the consecrated Orders, and all these people can serve as an inspiration to us all. People such as these are still choosing to leave their love ones in order to devote their lives to God. Also, when Jesus preached his Good News almost 2 000 years ago, there were no fewer people then there are now who opposed to his teachings.      However, the one thing that the Christians of the past had that no(prenominal) of us go forth probably have the opportunity to see in our life times are miracles performed first hand. While it is honest that gentlemans gentleman have a tendency to believe only what they see, the Bible has, and will continue to be a great source of inspiration for many. It is true that the Bible is the closest thing we will ever get to an pinch of Jesus way of life and Christianity, so the Christian faith will remain to be, for us, an unraveled mystery.