Seamus Heaney & Tony Curtis Essay -- English Literature

Seamus Heaney & Tony CurtisOn initial reading both the companion and Strongman are patently about asons relationship with their father. Whilst this relationship is acentral theme of both meters, the poems also explore a range of issuesincluding cultural identity, guilt and well-disposed class. This essay willattempt to analyse both poems individually and to also identify areasof conflict and similarity between the poems.The first two words of Follower by Seamus Heaney are My father whichimmediately establishes the poets emotionally involved relationshipwith the subject of the poem. In contrast the poet of Strongman writesin the third person for the majority of the poem and it is only reallyin the last two lines that the poet establishes that he is addressingthe poem to the son. some(prenominal) poems create a vivid picture of physically strong fathers who communicate on their physical strength by undertaking skilled manual jobs tosupport their families My father worked with a hor se-plough and Acarpenter who could punch nails into wood with a clench fist. SeamusHeaney employs the use of a number of sea images in helping the readerto visualise the immense strength and stamina of his fathers bodyHis shoulders globed bid a full sail strung and Sometimes he rodeme . Dipping and rising to his plod. Similarly Tony Curtis employspowerful visual imagery to illustrate the father in his poem as thepivot of a roundabout with his five sons as seats/chairs swinging fromhis arms as he would stretch his arms and take care his five sons fromthem, turning like a roundabout. This is a very successful simile asit encapsulates the swinging motion of the father playing with hischildren and on a deeper note the fathe... ...man focuses on the reversed roles of thefather and son. The original role of the father as the provider andcentral axis in the family has now disappeared to the finis that itis now the son who not only cares for the father physically but alsoemotionally as he reassures the father with No trouble - he said, notrouble, Dad. The final likes of the poem encapsulate the indignitiesof sickness and old age. The use of minimalist, stark language,without the use of unnecessary adjectives heightens the poignancy ofthe last lines.In purpose both Follower and Strongman are brief but effectivepoems that successfully portray father - son relationships. Thereaders are allowed an intimate snapshot/glimpse into theserelationships. Both poems describe the permanent bonds between fathersand sons whilst also effectively addressing how these bonds evolve.

Purple Hibiscus by Chidimanmanda Ngozi Adichie Essay -- nigeria, violen

Chidimanmanda Ngozi Adichie is a Nigerian author, her first ever novel empurple Hibiscus was criticised for addressing the important issues of postcolonial studies such as violence against women and brutal feminism. Alice go-cart is an American author as well as a poet, her bestselling novel The Colour Purple was firmly criticised on showing the severity of feminist darkness Feminism is a movement defining the equality and rights for women. Feminism opens potential meaning in these novels as it creates a gateway for the females who are victimised to pronounce up and to portray their feelings and situations which arise in the novels for the women to vindicate themselves and earn their freedom from the men that surround them. Points such as male domination, marital status and infidelity, the occupations of a woman and redemption and empowerment will help to convey the important meanings through female criticisms in the novels. Walkers novel The Colour Purple deals with male dominan ce as a norm in the country. She exposes the act of sexual aggression as being the main form of male domination. The quotation of Celie is a perfect example of this point. She is shown in the novel as a weak. She does everything the men surrounding her tell her to do therefore she is taken advantage of many times. She deals with bullying and domination in her family, her Pa rapes her twice when she is only fourteen years old. Alphonso beats and rapes her then later on decides to sell her to Mr._ without any realisation of Celies feelings. Celie deals with rape with her husband also who sees her as an object to take care of their household and please him. Celie is too afraid to stand up for herself as she thinks fighting back will be the death of her.... ...2003, Purple Hibiscus, Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Walker AW, 2004, The Colour Purple, Phoenix an imprint of hunting watch Books Ltd, Orion House, London. Websites http//279askt.blogspot.co .uk/2012/11/feminist-analysis.html cited 19/11/2013http//www.litnotes.co.uk/color.htm cited 19/11/2013http//www.gradesaver.com/the-color-purple/study-guide/major-themes/ cited 5/12/2013http//phsapenglish.proboards.com/index.cgi?board=summerreading&action=display&thread=61 cited 5/12/2013https//blogs.stockton.edu/postcolonialstudies/purple-hibiscus-a-feminist-reading/ cited 19/11/2013https//blogs.stockton.edu/postcolonialstudies/purple-hibiscus-a-feminist-reading/aunty-ifeoma-and-beatrice-diverging-paradigms-of-postcolonial-feminism/ cited 22/11/2013http//afrrevjo.net/journals/multidiscipline/Vol_5_num_3_art_20_Fwangyil.pdf cited 5/12/2013

Female Stereotypes In The Media Essay -- Papers

Female Stereotypes In The Media In the media the most common young-bearing(prenominal) stereotypes, are the housewife and the blonde bimbo. The Housewife. Chained to the kitchen sink, endlessly cleaning and stooling. An old stereotype. In the advertisement for Shake n Vac a woman is doing the vacuuming and dancing roughly shaking Shake n Vac on the floor. This is a stereotype for the reason that a man is nowhere to be found. exactly in advertisements for intelligent matters like finance, its eer a man. At first, when I saw the advertisement for Mc Cains chips, I thought the woman in it wasnt stereotypical, as she was not cooking the meal, the man was. But after a while I saw that this was just for a joke, as at the end you saw that the man was simply able to cook a tray of oven chips and he doesnt even know whether they buzz off a chip pan or not, as the dialogue goes, Man I spent ages fashioning these chips, slicing the potatoes, frying t hem in the chip pan. Woman What chip pan? The Mirrors cartoon section has had a cartoon thats been there for days and years called Andy Capp. (See picture A)This cartoon follows the life of a stereotypical northern husband and wife. In the edition I looked at, theres a picture of Andys wife carrying a set and a cloth, walking into the kitchen, blanking the husband whose lying on a couch nearby. He asks Whats the matter pet? Is it something I did? And she shouts back How? Whens the last time you did anything? In all of the cartoons, Andy never did any housework, as far as he was concerned that was womens work and he always expected his dinner to be on the table when he came home from ... ... like in the advertisement for shake and vac. The reason why stereotypes exists are usually because when people make up characters (for TV scripts, film scripts, etc.) its easier to use the image of a woman that someone is familiar with. Most writers are male. As they dont know much about them and they can only write about what they know about, they have to use the images they have of women in their heads. Its the same with other stereotypes, i.e. French people in the media always wear berets and have onions round their necks. When will our views change completely? I think, although new stereotypes are appearing and old ones are evolving, it will take time. But the women will always be portrayed, because theyre the child bearers, as being chained to the kitchen sink and planning what to have for dinner.

Knowledge :: essays research papers

After an exhausting game of basketball on my Playstation two it was time to eat. As my search for food was coming to an completion I came across a bag of potatoes. So using the cooking skills that I consume acquired in my many days I decided to garner french-fries. As I cut my potatoes I started to think about Michael Pollans essay Playing God in the Garden. This essay is about the reality of genetically engineered potatoes that produce their own insecticide right inside their leaves. I began to wonder if the potatoes on my plate were the same New Leaf potatoes that Pollan talked about. I started to vary my mind about eating the fries that I had already melted cheese on but they looked to good to give to my roommate so I continued thinking while eating. The government does not require New Leaf potatoes to be labeled in stores so it must mean they find oneself it will have no harm on people. One of the many reasons that government exists is to look over the wealth fare of its citizens. Think of some of the things that a company must put on their products, labels on alcohol and cigarettes tell the dangers that come from using them, and all foods packages must have the ingredients printed on them. The government as well as sets up programs like family first to help people in need. Even in high school a person needs four years of gym. Peter Drucker touches this subject in his essay The Age of Social Transformation as he talks about a changing society. The government do the decision that using the knowledge that Monsanto found was the right thing to do for the originateing industry. The best times will come when the knowledge that people have is used to enhance their lives.What good is knowledge if it is not used? There is no point in acquisition new things if the only reason for learning them is to prove a point or to know more than someone else. Knowledge should be used and the New Leaf is just a potato that has had knowledge applied to it. The potato helps farmers because they no longer have to bathe their fields in harmful chemicals.Imagine living on a farm and someone offers a job that pays more, has fewer hours and is easier than farm work.

The Holy Bible :: essays research papers

Our ChildrenChildren are the offspring born to a husband and wife in jointure relationship. To the Hebrews, children were considered gifts from beau ideal, and to be childless was considered a reproach And after those days his wife Elisabeth conceived, and hid herself five months, saying, Thus hath the Lord dealt with me in the days wherein he looked on me, to overhear away my reproach among men (Luke 125). Jesus clearly expressed his love and respect for the children And he took a child, and set him in the midst of them and when he had interpreted him in his arms, he said unto them, Whosoever shall receive one of such children in my name, receiveth me and whosoever shall receive me, receiveth non me, but him that sent me (Mark 936-37). How far have we strayed from the will of God? How many of us can would give anything close to the above definition if asked to define children. The acculturation is all around us but it should not be all in us. If our children were gifts from Go d in which we are to have an expressed love and respect, how would we raise our gifts? How many gifts would we ask of the Lord? Would we Plan our lives with as few gifts as possible so that we could spend more time building careers and acquiring worldly gain? Would we say when confronted with the cultures attitude on rejecting Gods gifts, I would not reject Gods gift but it is a personal choice? Who of us would say to those receiving a gift from God, I would cherish the gift from God but for I respect the rights of others? When the rights of other fly in the face of what God has said we must stand on the word of God and if support in be take up our cross. Standing for righteousness will put us at odds with the culture. Being lights of Holiness in the darkness of this culture is exactly what Jesus was revealing when He spoke to the disciples And he said to them all, If any man will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross daily, and follow me (Luke 923).

The Holy Bible :: essays research papers

Our ChildrenChildren are the offspring born to a husband and wife in marriage relationship. To the Hebrews, children were considered gives from God, and to be childless was considered a reproach And after those days his wife Elisabeth conceived, and hid herself five months, saying, Thus hath the Lord dealt with me in the days wherein he looked on me, to take away my reproach among men (Luke 125). Jesus clearly expressed his love and regard as for the children And he took a child, and set him in the midst of them and when he had taken him in his arms, he express unto them, Whosoever shall receive one of such children in my name, receiveth me and whosoever shall receive me, receiveth not me, but him that sent me (Mark 936-37). How far have we strayed from the will of God? How many of us can would give anything close to the above definition if asked to define children. The culture is all around us but it should not be all in us. If our children were gifts from God in which we are to have an expressed love and respect, how would we raise our gifts? How many gifts would we ask of the Lord? Would we Plan our lives with as few gifts as viable so that we could spend more time building careers and acquiring worldly gain? Would we say when confronted with the cultures attitude on rejecting Gods gifts, I would not reject Gods gift but it is a personal choice? Who of us would say to those receiving a gift from God, I would cherish the gift from God but for I respect the rights of others? When the rights of other fly in the face of what God has said we must stand on the word of God and if need be take up our cross. Standing for righteousness will put us at odds with the culture. Being lights of Holiness in the darkness of this culture is exactly what Jesus was show when He spoke to the disciples And he said to them all, If any man will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross daily, and assume me (Luke 923).

Health Care System and Illegal Immigrants

Saul Diaz was a penni slight, unemployed and uninsured undocumented alien living in Georgia. He got into a severe car accident. While he was in hospital, he racked up $1 million in medical expenses. Before being move back to Mexico, he died. The uncompensated bill was left over for the hospital. An nefarious immigrant pregnant lady delivered her baby in U. S. She received Medicaid on her baby and antenatal c are. Under the Medicaid, she got paid for her child delivery cost, her Spanish interpreter and diapers for her baby (Guzzardi, 2). What is the common thread in these two stories?They are both about misappropriated immigrants who received medical care without paying for it. Here comes another argument Should we provide health care service to illegal aliens who have not contributed to our orbit? Would that be unfair to our citizens because we had shared a piece of our properties with the illegal aliens? No matter whether the answer is yes or no, the illegal immigrants are grea tly worrying out health care system. Since World War II, poor workers from largely Agrarian, Catholic and authoritarian Spain flocked northward into industrialized and more democratic Ger umteen and France to find jobs (Hanson, 1).Until now, mountain are still moving place to place for better living standard or better job opportunities. For round countries such as Mexico, mint tries to get away from the impoverishment and the politic from entering U. S. borders illegally. According to How Will the sinful Immigrant Ends? , Mexicos per capita gross domestic products is still a quarter of the unify States (Hanson, 2). Wages in Mexico are far let down than in America. Many Mexican came to U. S. to achieve better living standard even by illegal method. There are approximately 14 to 22 millions of illegal immigrants in U. S. urrently, according to the data shown by the Department of Homeland Security (Health plow Solution in the Real World). They are uninsured, most likely under the impoverished line. They are eligible for Medicaid by the law. As we can see from the cases in the beginning, the hospital provide provide emergency care for patients, regardless of whether they are undocumented or not. They failed to pay the bill and put a huge blame on the hospital. According to the article, Why the Health negociate Is So pricey? , U. S. hospitals in border states travel by at least $1 billion a year in providing health care to illegal aliens.In 2005, eighty hospitals in Florida ended in closure due to unbearable costs and expenses (Schlafly, 3). This would be a big problem for the Florida citizens because the close out of hospitals makes them less accessible to health care service. Moreover, since the undocumented aliens are uninsured, they cannot afford to pay the expensive medical bills. Base on their identity, they cannot access regular health care service because they cannot provide a proof of their citizenship. As a result they can only use the emer gency room service whenever they need medical care.This leads to the abuse of emergency room service. According to the article, Why the Health Care Is So Costly? hospitals in border states provide at least $200 million a year in uncompensated emergency cares to illegal aliens in 2005 (Schlafly, 2). Nevertheless, what we truly concern is a person had died because he or she could not access to medical care immediately because of the abuse of ER service by those do not really need it. Furthermore, the illegal aliens affect our health cares system by holding in diseases into our country.According to the medical literature reports that many illegal immigrants carry fatal diseases or infections. They might carry diseases such as tuberculosis, malaria, polio, leprosy, plague, dengue fever and chagas diseases (Glueck and Cihak, 1). The reason behind is they may not get high role medical cares in their own country, so they came here to achieve a more quality health care service. Another reason is they are from some poor countries that lack of health care with poor sanitary place. They are more likely carrying sicknesses.If they dont get treat properly, the disease forget spread out and threaten other peoples health. While the illegal immigrants are affecting our health care system, how come we do not stop them from receiving cares? This is not an easy question to answer. We have to think about it in both moral and political ways. According to James Dwyer in his article, Illegal Immigrants, Health Care, and Social Responsibility, Nationalists argue that illegal immigrants have no claim to health benefits because people who have no right to be in the country should not have the right to share benefits in that country. Humanists say access to health care is a basic human right and should be provided to everyone, no matter if they are illegal or legal here. Neither of the above ideas is correct enough. He suggests that there is no direct relation amid violating the law and the right to share the health care. For instance, a lot of citizens violate the law in many ways. They did not get caught and still receive the medical benefits. The illegal immigrants violate the law only because they entered the U. S. in an unlawful way. They should also receive health care just the same as other citizens do. eventide when people argue that illegal immigrant did not contribute to paying taxes they do pay sales tax, gas tax, and value-added tax (Dwyer, 1). In the worse case, if we insist to recant cares to illegal aliens, they will fail to seek care because of deportation, yet leads to more severe diseases and might harm the public in long term. But, if we say that we should give out benefits to everyone based on human needs and rights, we would have to owe people too many things that we dont have enough resources to produce. Since the publishing is so complex, it has been argued for many years.The government proposed so many policies and laws to reduce t he number of illegal immigrants. However, there are still approximately 300,000 to 500. 000 undocumented immigrants that enter the U. S. distributively year (Glueck and Cihak, 5). I would suggest some solutions here. For long term solution, we should modify the immigration process and law. First, we should restrict our border. In Policy Analysis, the author says that the moulding Patrol has made significant gains in stopping illegal entries over the last 2 years, especially in El Paso, and San Diego (Miller and Moore, 2).Many illegal immigrants are first here legally by visa and father illegal when they stay after the visa expires. If the visa policy is more restricted, for example, more documents indispensable or fewer visa restorations, fewer people can enter easily. Also, if we put more fences or build a wall at the border, less people can enter by climbing over. Second, we should piteousen the immigration process and snip. The most effective method of reducing illegal ali ens is to make them become legal. A lot of undocumented aliens here are willing to go through a lawful way, but they do not have the time or money to do so.Yet, they are more risk-taking and willing to work hard, which would be a labor capital to U. S. Therefore, making them legal here will benefit the country because they can contribute more to the country. The third way is sending some support to where the most illegal immigrants are from. Based on my surveys on some illegal aliens here, they would rather stay in their own country if there were a better economy and more job opportunities. For short term solution, I suggest we should provide affordable medical care.We should provide cheaper drugs and prescription to the illegal immigrants. According to the article, Heres a Health Care Solution Everybody Can Love by Jack Lohman, we can also introduce a program which requires the graduates of U. S. medical school who are citizens of foreign countries to spend community service on hel ping the illegal aliens from their country (Lohman, 4). This program can join with the cheaper prescriptions policy, which can lower the price of medical care and meanwhile, lower the medical expenses from the government as well.We all understand that we are trying to help the illegal immigrants, not putting them in any harsh situation or deporting them. Yet, we need to keep the country runs in order and people are under control. Since the illegal immigrants are disturbing our country in many ways, not only in health system, but also in job opportunities, crime rates and other social problems, we need to solve the issue as soon as possible. And, I am sure this is the only way to keep America a nice and fair place to live.

Memorial Day

Day is a sidereal day of remembrance for those who perished while function In the phalanx, a day to honor the soldiers who died while defending America. Our three day weekend in May is a wonderful time to get together with friends and family. To nearly of us, Memorial weekend it means no school/work and an extra day off. Memorial Day is so much more than a day off to have fun. Most students do non truly even understand why they get school off a lot of vainglorious use this time for cookouts or parties.Memorial Day is a day where we, as Americans, should honor our fallen soldiers. Hardly anyone actually honors the soldiers by going to the parades/ceremonies In their communities. We owe It to the dead to honor their memory. The people who died for our Ideals and for their values were ordinary men and women who left the safety of their homes to fight to ensure Justice and defend our country. Brave Individuals gave their time, strength, and run to protect our country and all tha t It stands for.In doing so, countless men and women who were treasured by many, eve lost their lives Their hard work and sacrifice for our nation is sometimes taken for allow the heroic men and women who have died fighting for our immunitys must be remembered. We take for granted their sacrifices we should take effort in reminding ourselves of the individuals who lost their lives for us. Memorial Day is a day to honor and thank all the American soldiers who have sacrificed their lives.As Americans, we should show respect for the fallen and honor them for their courageous acts of bravery. Although we may not realize it, freedom is tot free. Freedom comes with a huge price, sometimes that price being life. It is not easy to be willing to take your own life for not Just your own rights, but for the rights of a whole nation. Memorial Day is not a day to have fun and party, but a circumscribed time to remember those who showed such devotion to our country to give up their lives for i t, a time to remember these heroes. Our dedicated soldiers deserved to be remembered.Our dedicated military force is the reason why we are able to stand here today with the redeems we have, and why we are able to live with so many liberties. Our rights should never be taken for granted we should be thankful for those who have paid the price for them. We should give thanks to all the heroes for their sacrifices, spreading gratitude. Memorial Day should be a day to reflect and be grateful. We can express our gratitude by attending local parades or Memorial Day events and pray for the families of the fallen soldiers to really understand the sacrifices they have made for us and our country.Memorial Day By preferable 21 Memorial Day is a day of remembrance for those who perished while serving in Hardly anyone actually honors the soldiers by going to the parades/ceremonies in their communities. We owe it to the dead to honor their memory. The people who died for our ideals and for their v alues were ordinary men and women who left the individuals gave their time, strength, and effort to protect our country and all that it for granted the heroic men and women who have died fighting for our freedoms

What is the origin of hip hop lyricism?

The account of the rap music dates back to the 1970s, where people began singing and dancing over strong beats which were sometimes go with with spoken words and with great emphasis on the value of lyricism. The love and desire for whack music therefore became even stronger during the 1980s. By the onset of the eve of 1990s, hip hop became the mainstream of music decorated with ever changing genres and styles which could not be labeled due to the spunky combination of extreme diversities emanating from antithetical artist.Some from west coast others from the east coast and in between nothing else was seen apart from hip-hop music and nuance (Rahn, 2002, 16). The epoch of hip-hop music in 1970s was found with very high original and innovative techniques with DJs in New York highlighting very terrible rhythmic drum breaks and percussion riffs in the popular discos and funks that were played in various social clubs. Hip-hop included scratching, hitping, break dancing and graf fiti.It was believed that the art of rapping originated from the block parties aft(prenominal) the ultra competitive DJs decided to isolate the percussion breaks from the majority of favorite dances. As a result of this isolation a similar dance began to be observed in Jamaica which was known as dub dance which was composed of elongated percussion breaks (Rahn, 2002, p. 31). Therefore, it is true to believe that hip hop has its roots in the heart of disco . It was a dance that was practically characterized by divisions between detractors of disco music and their fans. thusly the effects of disco led to great transformations in the hip-hop culture and music. The very first original hip hop was literally an example of the disco tenets witnessed from the televised exploration of funky beats to dancing, cloths and corny exceptional effects common with disco dances. At the capital city of United States, the go go music also emerged and eventually collaborated with the hip-hop while th e electronic dance joined the group creating the house of music based in Chicago.At this point of time the hip hop music developed the club scene. Thus it started realizing the significance of having big names of DJs as a skill towards capturing and drawing lifesizer crowds. The sudden rise of DJs, stirred up the rise and popularity of rap music from the past to the present history. Thus rap music stirred up hip hop expanding and extending the functions of MCs, and DJs. One very significant projection given to the MCs, was to introduce the DJs, on stage together with his/her crew of artists performing together (Flores, 2000, p. 6). The task of entertaining and keeping the audience alert was also a task pledged to the MC. Skillfully and talented MCs filled with cool artistic skills and high charismatic strategies on stage became instrumental to the to the rise and popularity of rap artists and hip-hop music. Thus the history of hip-hop and rap music is founded on the humble beginn ings of MCs and DJs together with the rise of break-dancers, rap artists and taggers all occurring in the New York City.Surprisingly towards the late 1970s, hip-hop music received extraordinary expansion by gaining very high commercial powers when it established its meteoric popular music style in the States consequently achieving popularity in the whole world (Alridge, Stewart, 2005, p, 125). In 1990 a sub genre of rap music emerged known as gangsta rap that caught America by surprise. The organization of the controversial lyrics which were specifically based on sex, street violence, and drugs lured the American youths into its systems and apparently crossed over to capture the socio economic groupings.All along its history hip-hop music has continued to rise till to the present still with very high sense of popularity (Flores, 2000, p. 47). However, its history would be incomplete without teaching the roles of the performers who do it a success. That is the hip hop designers and artisans. Hip-hop music is a composition of artists who and rappers and they typically major on their personal life experiences, social problems occurring around them, authorised life events and personal stories which they wish to alert the exoteric about.Rap music is also used to signify fictional themes and romanticized editions which are also appealing to the public and they have educative values about a specific group of people. Rap music evolves very strong rhythmic aspects accompanied by solace spoken lyrics which evoke intense rhythms and intense beats (Rahn, 2002, p. 1128). They a well known for their special adaptive skills and techniques in using poetic strategies which are accompanied by alliterations and simple rhymes.The history of hip-hop music is a kit for preserving culture based the instrumental tracks and beats that have been played by distinguishable artists including beats and rhythms which have been collectively sampled from different categories of individu als in the globe. These samples include the well known and popular rock, funk and soul songs played by different artists. such(prenominal) rhythms and sound are in away integrated synthesized and reinvented with the original indiginoeous twists done by performers (Flores, 2000, p. 7). However, the expansion of hip-hop music was also stirred to a large extend by the concept of minimalism and more specifically the invention of the modern electronic minimalism which brought full transformation replacing the extensive potful of ornamentation which existed in both classical and popular lyrics. This went a had to clearing the palates thus creating room for autobahn which stirred the discovery of the modern rhythms.Hip-hops are composed from different genres (Alridge, Stewart, 2005, p. 1131). such as the west African griots, a group which consists of praise singers and wandering poets, protestants sermons with teachings on spiritual reforms and Christina music, world music that is compose d of outstanding traditions and cultures that deletion across verities of people and many more driving genres especially borrowed from the Afro Caribbean entertainments, scat singing and great heroic tales and rhymes.There are two other usually popular types of hip hops that are currently taking their roots in the world namely, the American Graffiti and the breaking dance. Thus the history of hip-hop music is significantly very influential and it has played a lot in the construction of the present music.

Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee Essay

Americans who suck always looked westward when reading about this period should read this book facing eastward. Despite the popularity of the eyewitness accounts, embrown is not an absentee narrator. In the book embrown emphasizes two main points, the language he uses and the storyline of the book. He uses these two things to give the eyewitness accounts as frequently impact as possible. In the process, he attempts to defile his enemy in all kinds of different manners The way brown prep ars his readers view eastward is by using the faults that have plagued the Native Americans.Browns way of emphasizes language allows the readers to connect to the Native Americans and this allows the book to thrive and continue. This book differs from a lot of different books about Native Americans, because he uses many Native American interpretations. For deterrent example, the Sioux and Cheyennes frequently see trains pass through their land in the grind River country. Says Brown Sometimes t hey saw Iron Horses dragging wooden houses on wheels at great speed along the tracks .They were puzzled over what could be wrong the houses. Brown uses the terms Iron Horses and wooden houses to describe trains and train cars, as a Native American at this time would have perceived them. Brown also uses the Native American designations for U. S. military ranks in his descriptions. For example, to a Native American at this time, a general was known as a sentiency Chief and a colonel was an Eagle Chief. In addition, Brown refers to prominent American historical figures by their Native American names.For example, many Native Americans called widely distributed George Arm well-set Custer Hard Backsides, because he chased them over long distances for many hours without leaving his saddle . Brown also uses Native American naming systems for natural processes ilk time. Because Americans during this time divide the year into twelve months and refer to these months by names like May and June, however, Native Americans referred to these time periods by their relationship to nature.So, in Browns book, May is the Moon When the Ponies Shed and June is the Strawberry Moon. By using distinctly Native American interpretations like these in his narration, Brown takes his readers wakeless into the Native American experience. In the process, the reader begins to identify with the Native Americans. When readers identify with characters, they tend to feel sympathy for them. Through Dee Browns thesis, Brown organizes his story to maximize his readers appealing emotions.Brown establishes a three? part structure for most chapters, which demonstrates again and again that Native Americans lost no matter what they did. Francis Paul Prucha for examples states that The materials have been selected to make the authors point, not to present a balanced view of what happened, from the Native American standpoint or from any other. Typically, the chapter begins with a discussion of a old -timer or tribe who has lost something, generally a piece of their land and still has more to lose.For example, in the beginning of the second chapter, Brown notes As the outcome of two deceptive treaties, the woodland Sioux surrendered nine? tenths of their land and were crowded into a narrow strip of territory along the Minnesota River. Following the discussion of what has been already lost Brown introduces the second part, the struggle. For Native Americans in the nineteenth century, the struggles were many, whether they decided to go to war or did not. Many tribes in the book do conduct to fight to retain their remaining land and freedom.In most cases, the tribes win some battles but end up losing the war. The U. S. soldiers are too advanced and many to be defeated, something that the Native Americans begin to realize. For example, Little Crow is cautious about fighting at first, because he had been to the East and seen the power of the Americans. They were everywhere and wit h cannons they would destroy everything in their path. Even when the Native Americans outnumber the whites, the military technology can be the decisive factor in the victory.As many Native Americans learned, even though they had bravery, numbers, and massive charges all of that would mean nothing if the Native Americans were armed only with bows, lances, and clubs. In cases where the Native Americans try to remain peaceful, Brown shows many ways that they are provoked into war. In several cases, settlers or miners hungry for the Native Americans remaining land spread lies in an effort to get the government to take their land. During the genteel War, Native Americans were sometimes provoked into fighting because it was the safer of two options for white, male citizens.For example, Brown says there was political pressure on soldiers from Coloradans who wanted to avoid the military conscription of 1864 by serving in uniform against a few poorly armed Indians rather than against the C onfederates farther east. Even after the Civil War, when the draft was no longer an issue, some drafted soldiers used lies to provoke Native Americans and kill them because peace was not profitable for the settlers. The final part of Browns argument in most chapters is the ending. Due to the massive struggles that Native Americans faced whether or not they chose to remain peaceful, most chapters end badly.The chiefs, who are often depicted as strong in the beginning and middle of the chapters when they are fighting for their land and people, end up dead, in prison, in exile, or on a reservation with the fill-in of their people. Even the exceptions to this rule, such as the chapter depicting Red Clouds successful war, ultimately end negatively. Red Clouds story is an example of the overall structure of the book. The book starts out with many Native Americans living free and retaining parcels of their land.As the story progresses and the white emigration start to take over, big(a) a rmies and groups of white settlers cut down the various tribes. By the end of the book, the effect of white emigration has impacted around so much of the country that most Native Americans are dead, in prison, or on scattered reservations. To conclude I felt the effect on the reader is profound. Brown has gotten his readers to root for the underdogs by using eyewitness accounts and language to draw readers into the Native American experience.Yet, in each chapter Brown steadily crushes any hope that the reader might have for the Native Americans winning much of anything by using his plot. By using these strategies, Brown makes his readers feel more into the book by trying to make them understand to the Natives. Browns tone, or attitude towards his subject matter, is one of barely restrained outrage, and he wants readers to get angry, too. Tom Phillips, another reviewer states, Brown has at peace(p) too far at some points and is guilty of the same faults as those who created the rad itional image of the Native American as savage, alcoholic and expendable.

Family and Son Essay

victory can be a rather abstract marge and it can mean very different things to different the great unwashed. Trying to define what success is is not easy. To most people, success inwardness achieving a goal. In lay to achieve a goal, a per countersign usually has to work hard and believe in himself. Being successful at what you do can as well as be very motivating. People who are successful in one project, tend to be more successful in other projects. This is because they get the jot that their hard work pays off and that a goal is worth their time and effort. Success usually goes hand in hand with appreciation. If someone we know succeeds at what he or she does, we will most certainly congratulate them. This will make them feel good and motivate them even further.To some people, success means being the best at what they do. Another truth about success is that it can create envy. If you are good at what you do, others will want to be good at the same thing, and if they are not as good as you, they will envy you. This means that success can create a bitter taste in your mouth, because instead of being happy about your achievements, people are mean to you. In this case it is important not to swallow up that you have done well and that there are many other people who appreciate what you have done. Just think about it this way if people envy you, you have done something right. And if you are lucky, the envious people will see your success as a means of motivation for achieving their own goals.Success means more to some people than to others. Some want to be successful by all means, others are satisfied by simply laborious and giving their best, whether they succeed or not.The secret of successA young man asked Socrates, an ancient Greek philosopher, the secret of Success. Socrates told the young man to meet him boney the river the next morning. They met.Socrates asked the young man to walk with him toward the river.When the water got up to their necks, So crates took the young man by surprise and ducked him into the water. The man struggled to get out but Socrates was hale and kept him under water until he started turning blue.The young man struggled hard and finally managed to get up. The first thing he did was to gasp and memorise a deep breath.Socrates asked, What did you want the most when you were under the water?The man replied Air.Socrates said Thats the most secret to success. When you want success as badly as you want air, you will get it. There is no other secret.Reflection A burning desire is the starting identify of all accomplishments. Just like a small fire cannot give much heat, a weak desire cannot produce great resultsHard rifle Brings Success.There once lived a rich businessman who had a lazy and fun loving son. The businessman wanted his son to be hard-working and responsible. He wanted him to realize the value of labour. One day he summoned his son and said Today, I want you to go out and earn something, impui ssance which you wont have your meals tonight.The boy was callous and not used to any kind of work. This demand by his father scared him and he went let loose straight to his mother. Her heart melted at the sight of tears in her sons eyes. She grew restless. In a bid to help him she gave him a coin coin. In the evening when the father asked his son what he had earned, the son promptly presended him the gold coin. The father then asked him to throw it into a well. The son did as he was told.The father was a man of wisdom and experience and guessed that the source of the gold coin was the boys mother. The next day he sent his married woman to her parents town and asked his son to go and earn something with the threat of being denied the night meals if he failed. This time he went crying to his sister who sympathized with him and gave him a rupee coin out of her own savings. When his father asked him what he had earned the boy tossed the rupee coin at him. The father again asked him to throw it in a well. The son did it quite readily. Again the fathers wisdom told him that the rupee coin was not earned by his son. He then sent his daughter to her in-laws house. He again asked his son to go out and earn with the threat that he shall not have anything for dinner that night.This time since there was no one to help him out the son was forced to go to the market in search of work. One of the shopkeepers there told him that he would pay him two rupees if he carried his trunk to his house. The rich mans son could not refuse and was drenched in sweat by the time he finished the job. His feet were affright and his neck and back were aching. There were rashes on his back. As he returned home and produced the two rupee note before his father and was asked to throw it into the well, the horrified son almost cried out. He could not imagine throwing his hard-earned money like this. He said amid sobbing Father My entire body is aching. My back has rashes and you are ask me to throw the money into the well.At this the businessman smiled. He told him that one feels the pain only when the fruits of hard labour are wasted. On earlier two occasion he was helped by his mother and sister and therefore had no pain in throwing the coins into the well. The son had now realized the value of hard work. He vowed neer to be lazy and safe keep the fathers wealth. The father handed over the keys of his shop to the son and promised to guide him through the rest of the life.

Musical Impact Essay

In society at once, practice of medicine is sh accept to fix an impact on looks of life. People privileged the society argon raised with it in near way. medicine is always present in society. It is natural then, to wonder about the origin of music. Music is a special type of sound and noises mixed in together. People create the meanings of these sounds and noises to create their own opinions and emotions of expressing themselves. Many people believed that music is created in the mind for this uniform reason. That we nominate the sounds and noises that be heard are within our own human being and along that, it bottom come once we are born(p) with it.Although, this may not be true, callable to the differences in todays society, thither are many aspects that nooky have a control of the musical taste of a person. Ones musical gratifys are not based on biology, rather the individuals environment community, subtlety, religion, and geography. First of either a community gr oundwork effect an individual interest in music. The definition of a community is having the equivalent beliefs, resources, needs and risks. When people tend to share and have the same interest they tend to also have the same interest in music.The term community music finds no more resonating tone than within minority groups working toward social betrothal and assimilation (Hayes 6). As shown in the International Journal we can see people tend to stick together in order to have the same identity and be accepted in the group. Also sharing the same risks and resources will help them have communication within each other, making it be easier on them to be able to unite. An character of this would be people in community, such as in Honduras, they have a lot of distinguishable beliefs.For example, in the burials, the community gathers or so in order to their last goodbye to the deceased. Then they called upon a band, which in their thoughts mean that they celebrate the life of the d eceased. They each sing and paseo with the burial service and take them around. This event mentioned, to some may be disrespectful, but to Hondurans is a way to communicate with the dead. It shows that they respect him or her and show him or her that they are celebrating the life they had. Having communication in music brings to a community a better aspect to people and it is also genuinely important for them.Yes, they can be sounds and noises to some, but many do not think that way. Like the people in Honduras, their beliefs are very important and they demonstrate them through music. Therefore, a community could determine a persons interest in music because a community makes an individual do the same thing as other people. Another example would be, if a person listens to rock and they see that other people listen to it too, than they will would go ahead and hear it to. Secondly, farming is also another factor that influences music preferences on individuals.The culture of someon e can be active the way of music choices. The two factors that generate culture will be academic knowledge and manners taught to each person (Yudkin 27). to each one culture then possesses on its own musical language. This musical language reflects its own traditions, concerns, and activities and in order to begin to understand the music of another culture, we need to understand something of the nature of its culture systems and the role the music plays in them (Yadkin 5). This is because many of the cultures have different academics and manners taught to them.An example is the culture would be of the Mandinka of Gambia in Senegal, they have a special musician leader, known as a jali. This leader is very important to the tribe due to that fact that he knows all the prayers and all the history of the tribe (Miller 44). As shown in this example each culture has its own special person and holds music as a special part of the community. The important part here is that a person needs t o grow up somewhere. That place holds a significant knowledge making them a part of that culture group. With growing with them they hold a place within the culture.Music brings them all together making them communicate with each other easily and bring them normalcy. When this takes place the individual takes the musical knowledge and incorporates it into their system and beliefs. The beliefs that they incorporated can be seen in their academic areas. The literature, dance, and theater cannot go anywhere and do their expected ideas across without music. Music has to be in these areas in order to function hygienic and be able to get the individuals culture across to the people. For example, dance cannot function without music.It gives the person the beats and the melody in order to create the feeling they emergency to get across to their audience (Miller 57). Dance also has different meanings in culture. A New Yorker can have a different rhythm than a person from China. This differe nce can be seen with the music they choose for their arts and their dance. Its really difficult to be able to be prejudice to others cultures, because every culture is different. Music has that effect on society because it teaches the cultures and meanings of ones society. The mixture of music to other society is also shown.Many of these arts can be seen throughout the realism and from them people learn the differences in music. Music such as Jazz, Blues, and Gospels were produced when Europeans and Africans came together during the late nineteenth and twentieth snows (Miller 61). Here we can see two cultures mixed in together and this is shown through their mix of their own music. Music can bring together worlds and is all due to its simplicity such as using their melodies and sounds. Music creates a new world for many people. The third factor that can affect the music choices of the individuals is the fact of ones religion.Many religions do not allowed their followers to hear mu sic from the outside world such hip-hop and rock. As said by Kong, its nature is presented in a stylized and stereotypical fashion by the mass media the moral barricades are manned by bishops (Kong 104). An example of this is Christians and Catholics which have very different opinions regarding music. Christians is the larger group that includes Catholics. Christian women followers are not allowed to discover pants or the followers are not able to hear any type of music because in their regard they are preventing is a sin from them.While Catholic Church allowed their followers to wear their clothing with respect to God and be able to choose the type of music they listen to. As seen the music plays a big role due to the fact that Catholic churches make prayers into songs and sing them with their hearts, believing that God can be able to hear them (Miller kj187). While Christians cannot be able to do the same pray and sing to God due to the banned of music within their own. To many t his is not unusual seeing the difference of worship.But once looked inside and see the music playing its role is different because it makes people think about what God thinks and which one he would prefer. If it is just music and prayers, then there is no music at all in its gatherings of worship. This is important because music can be seen playing a role in religions and making individuals having a different taste to the one with a Catholic follower. The religion of a person a can limit the person the knowledge of the evolution of the music outside their group. This can make it hard on them to relate to the others outside the society.The last and important factor that can make a difference in ones interest in music is the geography. Many people as seen can have different views and belief but geography make them have a different taste in music. We hear the melody, but we feel the beat. People in all cultures move their bodies to the rhythms of music, whether drumming, dancing, or ro cking an infant (Silver and Trainer 2). This is important because a person in Los Angeles California will not have the same beats and rhythm as a person in London, Great Britain. Each part of the world is bound to have some type of music but the music differentiated in each part of the world.As mentioned in the seven themes of music geography specific involvement with location of musical activities, such as the compositions and travels of their composers, rather than broader world distributions of regional delineations mentioned in Theme deuce (Nash and Carney 66). This means that even with culture and communities, music was first put into the field of geography due to the travels of the musicians and the spread of their ideas and tunes. This is important because it not only gives a way for questions to arise such the one that geography is the main factor as to the interest of music in humans.Due to the composers traveling, they spread around the ideas meaning that culture is affect ed and the belief is shaken with these ideas. The population of the countries is also a big factor because due to the fact that people are mixed together. People with different geography regions tend to have a different viewpoint of the world and music can be included in that. In conclusion this can be said, that these types of points can create music interest such ones environment community, culture, religion, and geography. This can be reasonable because people cannot be born with music interests. They are shaped by ones environment.People can have the same music interests if they shared the same belief and the same religion where they live. Music is very common in and around the world. Music is therefore a symbol to society because it represents the life and beliefs of people. Music can have a owing(p) impact on the life of people and this is important because this makes society. Music is evidently an important part of the lives of human beings. Music is reflected to our society we are in. The four aspects which are ones community, culture, religion, and geography can determine each persons interests in music rather than biological.Other factors can also relate to ones musical preference, but the four aspects are the ones that are most common. Music is bound to be heard everywhere and without music the world would have hard times understanding things. Music is important to our world because it brings us together and also puts life and excitement. Music will always be active people and will always be part of our lives. Without music, our society wouldnt be the same including our feelings and impressions about it. Therefore, music brings happiness to our friends, and families, and all the people around the world.

Canada Culture Essay

1.0 Introduction Society is a sh ared context in a way that either individuals activity relates and connects to it, including business. Culture is the comprised of values, doctrines, looks, customs, and attitudes that differentiate to each one society. A societys death de callines the systems that manage how organizations function in the society (Griffin and Pustay, 2010). Because of individuals hold their own activity and habits, they do things differently in a aggroup.There are some characteristics of culture are essential for their significance to international business. source of all, culture reflects learned behavior that is conveyed from one appendage of a society to anformer(a). Certain elements of culture are conveyed intergenerationally, for instance a family, when parents educate their children table etiquette. close to elements are transmitted intragenerationally, like when seniors teach incoming freshmen about a schools customs (Griffin and Pustay, 2010 Phatak e t al., 2009).Next, the elements of culture are interrelated. For example, in Canada, different subcultures (different heathenish group) imply Anglophones and francophones (English-speaking and French-speaking pot) (Deresky, 2011).Due to culture is learned behavior, the culture changes in response to external forces affect the society, in other words, it is adaptive. An example is after creation War II, Germany was divided into free-market-oriented West Germany and communist guarded East Germany. Although they are having a common inheritance developed everyplace centuries, this division created large ethnic differences amid Ossis (East Germans) and Wessis (West Germans). The differences resulted from adaptations of the East German culture to the principles of communist ideology concerning attitudes toward work, risk taking, and integrity of remuneration systems (Griffin and Pustay, 2010).Finally, culture is shared by associates of the society and in point shapes the membershi p of the society. Persons who share a culture are members of a society, while those who do non are outside the confines of the society (Griffin and Pustay, 2010). Culture is wrong everybody without their realization. We are different because of it.2.0 Brief Introduction of Canada Location The country to be discussed in this assignment is Canada. Canada is placed on the northern section of the North American continent which is the north of the United States mainland. Waters bordering the country consist of the North Atlantic Ocean to the east, the North Pacific Ocean to the west, and the Arctic Ocean to the north. Canadas size is as great as that of the continent of Europe (Encyclopedia of the Nations, 2011). With a total area of approximately 9,984,670 square kilometers according to CIA (2011), it is the largest country in the westerly Hemisphere and the second-largest in the world, after Russia (Encyclopedia of the Nations, 2011).In addition, Canada is divided into ten province s and three territories. The three territories are Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut Territory (CIA, 2011 Encyclopedia of the Nations, 2011). These lands are all located in the northwestern, tundra regions of Canada, and each of them has a rather small universe of discourse in comparison to the other provinces. Also, the territories are primarily settled by native tribes. These natives take obtained a certain level of self-g all overnment for each particular territory (Encyclopedia of the Nations, 2011).Culture According to CIA, Canada has two prescribed languages, namely English (58.8%) and French (21.6%). thank to the diversity of all origins Canadians which stand from British Isles origin 28%, French origin 23%, other European 15%, Amerindian 2%, other, mostly Asian, African, Arab 6%, and mixed background 26%, Canada is a highly diverse culture. Besides, the major religions are Roman Catholic and Protestant (CIA, 2011).Due to its short history, Canadian cultu re is above all modern. This is particularly apparent in its authors, almost all of whom are still alive Margaret Atwood, Michael Ondaatje, Yann Martel (three recent Booker Prize winners), Marie-Claire Blais and Antonine Maillet are already popular in the US (Embassy of Canada in Washington, 2011). In recent decades, Canada has gained international recognition in the visual arts thanks to progressive artists. Jeff Wall, Rodney Graham, Edward Burtynsky, Ken Lum, Ian Wallace and Genevive Cadieux introduced impudently uses for photography techniques, Janet Cardiff and George Bures Miller used bran-new technologies in artistic formation (Embassy of Canada in Washington, 2011).Population The population of Canada in July 2011 was 34,030,589 as estimated by the CIA (2011), which made its population as number 37 among the 237 countries of the world. It was about 15.9% of the population was over 65 years of age, with 15.7% of the population under 15 years of age in 2011 and on that point were 98 males for every 100 females in the country in 2011 (CIA, 2011). According to CIA, the annual population growth rate for 2011 is 0.794%.It was estimated by CIA (2011) that 81% of the population lived in urban areas in 2009. Canadas capital city, Ottawa, had a population of 1,170,000 in that year. The Toronto metropolitan area had an estimated population of 5,377,000 Montral, 3,750,000 Vancouver, 2,197,000 and Calgary, 1,160,000 (CIA, 2011).According to the Government of Yukon (2011), Yukon Territory has an expanding population over years of 34,667 as of 2010. It was originally occupied by the Athapaskan tribe, which still has six distinct groups of peoples residing in the territory (Encyclopedia of the Nations, 2011). In April 2011, the Northwest Territories had a population of 43,505 (NWT forcefulness of Statistics). There is about 28 percent of the population is descended from the Dene tribe, while other indigenous groups are the Inuvialuit and the Mtis (Encyclopedia of t he Nations, 2011).Nunavut Bureau of Statistics (2011) shows that the Nunavut Territory had a population of 33,413 as of April 2011. It was separated from the Northwest Territories in 1999 and is now the largest policy-making subdivision in the country, covering 18 percent of the total land area. Moreover, it is also the largest native land-claim shutdown in the history of the country. About 84 percent of the residents claim ancestry from native tribes, and the largest of these Nunavut tribes is the Inuit of 83 percent, formerly known as the Eskimos which is a derogatory term meaning eaters of raw meat. Conversely, the remainder of the native population in Nunavut Territory is descended from the Dene and Mtis tribes (Encyclopedia of the Nations, 2011).Nationality According to CIA, the people of Canada is known as Canadian in singular form, and Canadians in the plural form, whereas the adjective of Canada is called Canadian. There are four steps to becoming a Canadian citizen. First ly, determine if a person is worthy to become a citizen. Secondly, apply for citizenship. Next, take the citizenship test, if the person is between the ages of 18 and 54. Finally, attend a citizenship ceremony, if the person is 14 or older (CIC, 2011).Economy As Canada Site (2011) says, Canada is one of the worlds wealthiest nations, has the tenth largest economy in the world, and has one of the highest levels of economic freedom in the world. Besides that, Canada is also a member of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Group of Eight (G8). OECD is a platform in which governing bodys work together to share experiences and seek solutions to common problems (OECD, 2011), while G8 is the group of eight highly industrialized nations including Canada, which hold a yearly meeting, the G8 Summit to foster consensus on global issues like economic growth and crisis management, global security, energy, and terrorism (Council on Foreign Relations, 2011).S ince World War II, the remarkable growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service welkins has transformed Canada from a largely rural economy into one primarily urban industrial. The 1989 US-Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (which includes Mexico) touched off a dramatic increase in employment and economic integration with the United States of America (US), Canadas principal trading partner. Canada benefits a substantial trade surplus with the US, which absorbs about three-fourths of Canadian exports each year. Furthermore, Canada is the USs largest foreign supplier of energy, including oil, gas, uranium, and electric effect. With great natural resources, skilled labor force, and modern capital plant, Canadas economies enjoyed solid growth over years (CIA, 2011).The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country of purchasing power parity in 2010 was $1.33 trillion, which shows an increase after the economic recession from 20 08 to 2009, with GDP of official trade rate $1.574 trillion in 2010 (CIA, 2011). Together with the Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) for the year 2010 of $39,400, there was a surge since 2009. The services sector was the major part of composition of GDP which was 78% in 2010, with 20 % in industry, and 2% in agriculture. Canada also had an unemployment rate of 8% in 2010 which has a drop of 0.3% compared to 2009. However, the inflation rate also had a surge of 1.3% to 1.6% in 2010 (CIA, 2011).The agricultural products of Canada include wheat, barley, oilseed, tobacco, fruits and more, whereas the industries products are stand from transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and unprocessed minerals, diet products, wood and paper products, fish products, petroleum and natural gas. The exports commodities are motor vehicles and parts, industrial machinery, aircraft, telecommunications equipment, chemicals, plastics, fertilizers wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, natural gas, el ectricity, and aluminum with $406.8 billion in 2010. import goods are machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, crude oil, chemicals, electricity, durable consumer goods with $406.4 billion in 2010 (CIA, 2011).On 8 July 2011, the rate of 1.00 US dollar is 0.96 Canadian Dollar, which is the currency of Canada, at an exchange rate of 0.9627 using nominal rate (Bank of Canada, 2011).Politics Canada achieved independence on the first of July 1867 and recognized by UK per Statute of Westminster on 11 December 1931. The government of Canada stands of a parliamentary democracy, a federation, and a constitutional monarchy (CIA, 2011). Every territory has only one senator and one representative in the national parliament, fewer legislators than those representing the other provinces (Encyclopedia of the Nations, 2011). Besides, the political loss leaders are consist of the Bloc Quebecois, Gilles Duceppe Conservative Party of Canada, Stephen Harper Green Party, Elizabeth May Liberal Party, Robert Rae(interim) and New Democratic Party, Jack Layton. These political pressure groups are from the agricultural sector, automobile industry, business groups, chemical industry, commercial banks, communications sector, energy industry, environmentalists, public administration groups, steel industry, and trade unions (CIA, 2011).3.0 Analysis of Geert Hofstedes Dimensions Brief Nature of the Business The industry for this assignment is in the retailing sector. It is placed in Charlottetown, which is located in the province of Prince Edward Island, Canada. Its primary industry is in the fish and seafood markets, together with its alternate industry of dealing with wholesalers and distributors, and a full-service restaurant. It serves as a seafood market to sell live and cooked lobster live mussels, clams, oysters, and quahaugs shucked scallops, frozen snow holler out sections, haddock, salmon and halibut fillets, lobster meat, and much more. Besides, the organization also dispatches lobster, mussels and oysters across Canada. Having the company set off with wonderful views of the heritage Hillsborough River and Charlottetown waterfront, it is a spot for people school principal to the waterfront for a delicious seafood meal, or purchasing lobster, mussels, clams, oysters, crab or fresh fillets from the seafood market in the town.Introduction of Geert Hofstedes Dimensions Culture is defined into several ways. They include Geert Hofstedes Five Dimensions which would be discussed as the following. Social Orientation Social taste course or individualism versus collectivism dimension looked at the relationship between the person and his or her fellows. In societies where individualism was emphasized, the ties between individuals were loose and individual achievement and freedom were highly treasured. In collectivistic societies, the bonds between individuals were tight. Therefore, people innate(p) in collective societies, for example extended families, and everyone was supposed to take care of the interest of his or her group (Hill, 2007).Power Orientation One of the dimensions from Hofstede is the power orientation (Giffin and Pustay, 2010), or the power distance as Hill (2007) says. It is mainly dealt with the way a society treats the fact of unequal physical and intellectual capabilities in humans. lavishly power orientation cultures were found in countries that permit inequalities grow eventually into inequalities of power and wealth, says Hofstede (Hill, 2007). According to Griffin and Pustay (2010), high power orientation denotes a power respect culture, where people in a culture tend to accept the power and authority of their superiors merely on the basis of the superiors positions in the hierarchy. These same people also are inclined to respect the superiors right to that power orientation. People at all levels in a firm accept the decisions and mandates of those above them because of the implied belief that higher-level positions carry the right to make decisions and issue commands (Giffin and Pustay, 2010).On the contrary, low power distance cultures would try to minimize such inequalities they could (Hill, 2007). As Griffin and Pustay (2010) say, low power orientation suggests that a culture is in power tolerance. It has much less significance to an individuals position in the hierarchy. They are more will to question a decision or mandate from those higher levels or even reject it. They are willing to follow a leader when that leader is perceived to be correct or when it seems to be in their own self-interest to do so but not because of the leaders intangible asset right to issue mandates.Uncertainty Orientation Another dimension is uncertainty orientation (Griffin and Pustay, 2010) or uncertainty avoidance according to Hill (2007). It assessed the degree of several(a) cultures socialize their members into acknowledging indefinite situations and tolerating ambiguity. Correlates of low uncertai nty orientation, or uncertainty avoidance according to Griffin and Pustay (2010) a culture set high priority on job security, career patterns, retirement benefits, and the like. They also took seriously for rules and regulations the manager was expected to deliver clear instructions, and subordinates initiatives were closely controlled (Hill, 2007). Furthermore, Griffin and Pustay (2010) define low power orientation as ambiguity and change are seen as undesirable, and society will prevent it whenever possible.These people prefer a structured, routine, and even bureaucratic, way of performing tasks. On the other hand, high uncertainty orientation, or uncertainty acceptance according to Griffin and Pustay (2010) cultures were regarded as a greater readiness to take risks and less stimulated resistance to change (Hill, 2007). According to Griffin and Pustay (2010), people in uncertainty acceptance are stimulated by change and thrive on new opportunities. Ambiguity is considered as a c ontext within which an individual can grow, develop, and engrave out new opportunities. A sense of monotony, routineness, and overbearing structure are the certainty carried in this culture.Goal Orientation Goal orientation or masculinity versus feminity according to Hill (2007) is the approach in which people are make to work toward different types of goals. One extreme on the goal orientation range is aggressive goal behavior. People who display aggressive goal behavior or masculine cultures according to Hill (2007) tend to place a high premium on material possessions, money, and assertiveness.At the other extreme, passive goal behavior or feminine cultures according to Hill (2007) are people that place a higher value on social relationships, quality of life, and benefit for others. Moreover, cultures that value aggressive goal behavior also tend to define gender-based roles rather rigidly, whereas cultures that stress passive goal behavior do not. In cultures regarded as extrem ely aggressive goal behavior, men are expected to work and to focus their careers in conventionally male occupations women are usually expected not to work outside the home and to focus on their families. If they do work outside the home, they are usually expected to be engaged in areas of traditionally work dominated by women (Griffin and Pustay, 2010).Time Orientation Hofstedes fifth dimension, time orientation, is the extent to which members of a culture adopt a long-term against a short-term outlook on work, life, and other aspects of society. Some cultures, such as those of Hong Kong, Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea, have a longterm, future orientation that cherish dedication, hard work, perseverance, and moderation. different cultures, including those of Pakistan and West Africa, have a tendency to focus on the past and present, stressing respect for traditions and fulfillment of social obligations (Griffin and Pustay, 2010). Assessment of Canadas Culture Using Hofstedes Dimen sions In this part of the assignment, Canadas culture is studied along Hofstedes Dimensions. The ranking of Five Dimensions for Canada adapted from Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions (2009) is shown in Figure 1 below.

Supervisors: Human Resource Management and Performance Appraisals

Introduction Performance appraisals benefit the keep company in a variety of ways. On the flip side, they potentiometer also create difficulties if they bent completed correctly. Many problems within the company can arise when supervisors havent been properly trained on appraisals. On a bigger note, companies can also be placed in legal trouble if appraisals atomic number 18 through with(p) incorrectly. To head off these issues, the Human Resource Department involve implement didactics to the supervisors who conduct effect appraisals. ProblemsEmployee phylogeny employ performance appraisals for provemental purposes is one of the greatest uses of them. Employees need to be aware of their strengths and weaknesses in gear up to produce the best results for the company. Improvements in performance will barely occur if the manager has proactive discussions and shows the employee how to vex improvements. In this case, Hubert isnt supporting Harriet by fibbing on her perfor mance appraisal. She will continue to drop off on her duties because she might not be aware that she is doing it. Reviewing a negative performance appraisal can be a very difficult task, but needs to be done to help the employees develop within the organization.Rating employees the same on the appraisals will not benefit the company at all. Not only is he hindering Harriets development, but it probably doesnt keep Neil motivated. If his performance is outstanding, his order needs to reflect that. Hubert should be able to tell him how valued he is to the company and how much his performance is appreciated. Retaining erect performers is easier when these positive performance aspects are communicated to them. When done correctly, appraisals help to increase employee development and keep valuable employees motivated.Administration UsePerformance appraisals are also used for administration use, an example being what the case represented. The way Hubert is conducting appraisals will no t help managers when it is time to determine pay increases, decisions need to be made about promotions, transfers, and demotions, or if disciplinary actions flow to termination (Mathis & Jackson, 2011). Now that it is time to make demotions, the appraisals need to help with decisions.These appraisals are not accurate due(p) to Hubert lack of correctly evaluating both supervisors (Mathis & Jackson, 2011, Case Supervisors). Since there is no documented differences between the two supervisors, the appraisals are useless for administration use. An appraiser should be required to provide justifications for the ratings in addition to appropriate financial support and information (Smith, 2012). The company is going to have to let the better performing supervisor go in order to avoid legal issues. This could create some negative impacts for the company because the appraisal process wasnt being implemented correctly.Legal IssuesDisparate Impact or preachingDiscrimination can either be in tentional or unwitting either way it is illegal. Performance appraisal need to show an absences of disparate impact and treatment (Mathis & Jackson, 2011). Using the scenario from the case, Harriet could file a lawsuit for discrimination is she were to get demoted or laid off during the reduction in force. Since there is no documented differences in their performance, Neil should be let go due to the seniority Harriet has everyplace him. There could be grounds for a lawsuit if Hubert decides to demote or laid off Harriet.She could shout that they fired her because of her gender, and there would be no way for the company to prove that she was the poorer performer. There have been identical cases like this. Adverse impact statistics have also been used successfully in Disparate Treatment cases to support an individuals claim of race or gender discrimination (Ducham, 2013). The importance of training manager correctly and evaluating the appraisal systems comes to light in this case. Supervisor TrainingIt is important for companies to properly train their supervisor avoid legal issues with performance appraisals. These appraisals are very beneficial to the company and training of them should be stressed by the Human Resource Department. From the situation that occurred in this case, it seems as if Hubert hasnt had any training on performance appraisals. To avoid situations like this from happening in the future, Hubert and all supervisors/department heads need to be trained on how to do these appraisals correctly.Mathis and Jackson (2011) pointed out some key topics that Human Resources should focus on when conducting training on appraisals. For this company, training how to communicate positive and negative feedback, when and how to discuss training and developmental goals, and how to avoid the common rating errors should be addressed (p. 347). ConclusionHubert has created a problem for this company, but has showed the importance of proper training on appraisal s. The company needs to evaluate their training procedure and make the appropriate changes. With a good training computer programme in place for supervisors, the company will be able to avoid future problems with appraisals.

Branches of Philosophy Essay

1. system of logic Logic is the science and art of correct thinking. It attempts to codify the rules of rational thought. Logicians explore the structure of arguments that preserve virtue or allow the optimal extraction of knowledge from evidence. Logic is one of the primary tools philosophers use in their inquiries the precision of logic helps them to cope with the subtlety of philosophical problems and the often misleading nature of conversational language. 2. moral philosophy.Ethics is the study of the nature of right and wrong and good and evil, in terms both of considerations about the foundations of morality, and of interoperable considerations about the fine details of moral conduct. Moral philosophers may investigate questions as sweeping as whether there are such things moral facts at all, or as focused as whether or not the law ought to accord to rape victims the right to an abortion. 3. Metaphysics Metaphysics is the study of the nature of things. Metaphysicians ask w hat kinds of things exist, and what they are like.They origin about such things as whether or not people have free will, in what whizz abstract objects can be said to exist, and how it is that brains are able to generate minds. 4. Epistemology Epistemology is the study of knowledge itself. Epistemologists ask, for instance, what criteria moldiness be satisfied for something we believe to count as something we know, and even what it means for a proposition to be true. Epistemology is sometimes referred to as the theory of knowledge. 5. Axiology Axiology is philosophical the study of value the investigation of its nature, criteria, and metaphysical status.More often than not, the term value theory is used instead of axiology. 6. Aesthetics Aesthetics is the study of value in the arts or the inquiry into feelings, judgments, or standards of beauty and related concepts. school of thought of art is concerned with judgments of sense, taste, and emotion. other Divisions of school of thought 1. Philosophy of the Mind 2. Philosophy of the Person 3. Political Philosophy 4. Social Philosophy 5. Philosophy of Language 6. Philosophy of Science 7. Philosophy of Art 8. Philosophy of Language 9. Philosophy of Religion 10. Philosophy of Law 11. Philosophy of Education 12.Philosophy of History _______________________________ Cruz, Corazon L. 2005. Philosophy of man (third edition). Mandaluyong City National bookstall Divisions and definition of philosophy. 2005. easy at http//philosophy. lander. edu/intro/what. shtml. Retrieved last November 8, 2010. Gripaldo, Rolando M. 2008. Philosophy, Sophism/Sophistry, and Pilosopo. Included in The philosophical beautify A panoramic perspective on philosophy. Quezon City C&E Publishing. Vuletic, Mark I. 2010. What is philosophy? Available at http//www. vuletic. com/hume/ph/philosophy. html. Accessed last November 8, 2010.

Sustainable Development – Integrated Solution

Biodiversity and preservation aims to establish the multiple values that biodiversity usher out provide, specific in ally in nations rich in biodiversity. Conservation is a way forward to develop in environmentally friendly manner and it works on introductory concepts of ecosystem resilience and sustainable use.There is a need to strengthen the capacity of marginalized biodiversity managers (for example, local and indigenous communities and conventional farmers) to influence policy, seize political opportunities, and move forward policy debates.Conservation of Biodiversity and other natural resources is non enough to attain the goal of ontogenesis sustainable solutions .An integrated approach which incorporates the concepts of conservative and preventive methods is the solution and it can be provided by means of sustainable suppuration.Integrated Solution Sustainable instruction ripening is need of every generation but now our present scenario of a global economy & a flat wor ld demands Sustainable development.Sustainable development starts with the idea that the most sustainable aim for all is a better quality of life for everyone, not only now, but for generations to come, so we can declare that it reflects the pattern of resource use that aims to meet the humans needs while preserving environment in much(prenominal) a way that carrying capacity of natural systems is utilized in an economic manner so that approaching generations would be able to meet there needs. It is not only about preserving environment but in addition it focuses on managing natural, social, & produced capital of the United States in a prudent manner & it is not recession to to pre-modern lifestyles as understood by many people which is a mis-conception.It is basically resolving conflict between different competing goals & involves synchronous pursuit of eco-prosperity, environmental quality & social equity.We need to use natural resources at the rate at which they can be r eplenished within a proper time period, there is a need to careen from old centered ways of doing businesses to new approaches that involve cross-sectoral coordination & integration of environmental & social concerns into all development processes. Also there is a need to provide delivery of competitively priced goods & services that satisfy human needs & bring quality of life while progressively reducing ecological impact. Proper coherent & protected rights are also required to enable effective practice of personal responsibility & development of mechanisms to protect environment.Obstacles to sustainable development Natural capital may not be substitutable, consumption may be irreversible (e.g. Ecosystem services) & multifunctionality of many natural resources which are difficult to replenish once the systems are adulterated highly.What has been done & what can be done now-Today in world, large investments are going on in projects involving renewable resources e.g. India Renew able Energy Development Agency(IREDA) will be investing US $ 3.39 jillion dollars for development of renewable postcode sector projects during 11th 5 year plan, Govt. has also formulated issue policy on bio fuels. Clinton Climate Initiative (CCI) has signed a memorandum of understanding with Gujarat government for background up 5 solar parks.Similar initiatives are also going on in various nations but along with this there is a need for a Sustainable Business Model which not involves mass consumption & mass disposal models, which focuses on developing technologies to improve environmental conservation features of products, hurry application of such features, as well as technology for innovative manufacturing processes that require less energy & this type of business model is required in every nation whether it is developed or developing but developed nations should work in this regards first as they have enough resource & capital to develop such technologies.Many small initiati ves can be proved very helpful in sustainable development if implied in a nation Buy fresh food rather than polished food(low carbon), develop retail stores in which solar roof tops are there, managing livestock operations in a prudent manner & reducing energy consumption there, developing & promoting products which can be recycled well & developing softwares which can be updated easily etc.Many such initiatives can help a lot in sustainable development but a proper Sustainable Business Model is need of today for every organisation(profit or non-profit) in every nation.

Media Analysis Essay Essay

I consent chosen the word picture Signs to do my worldview synopsis on. First, I will debate the worldviews that the chief(prenominal)(prenominal) characters in the movie have. I will then wait on the question of if the characters were true to their worldviews. I will overly discuss the obstacles that the main characters faced that deterred the character or characters from living out their worldview. Lastly, I will describe mental, emotional, or spiritual reactions I had to the movie as well as explain if I agree or disagree with the worldview present in the movie.I will start by saying that the main character had a Christian worldview still in the beginning of the movie, due to a catastrophe in his life, he had an atheist worldview. I know the main character, safe and sound wheat flour, had a Christian worldview before the tragedy happened in his life because he was a priest. After the tragedy in his life he stopped be a priest and completely left the church. whole whea t flour told ein truthone to stop calling him father and upon a conversation with his brother Merrill about religion he told him that he did not debate in miracles. He also explained the things his married woman told him right before she died as organism the result of scientific reactions in the body rather than them having any real significant meaning for a special purpose. This is proof of Graham switching his worldview to that of an atheist. Grahams brother, Merrill, had a Christian worldview all throughout the movie. I know this to be true for Merrill because he openly says during the faith conversation that he is emphatically a miracles man.I will now move on to the question of whether or not the main characters were to true to their worldviews. Merrill remained true to his worldview throughout the whole movie. I know this to be the case because he verbalise he was a miracles man and he also prayed for his nephew when he was having the asthma attack and had no inhaler. Grah am, however, was mismatched with his worldview throughout the movie. First, he started out with an atheist worldview because losing his wife made him lose his faith in God. When his son started having his asthma attack he went back to praying and asked God to please not take his son away to. Graham then got his faith back from this experience with his son. After this experience Graham continues to pray in response to the alien spraying the poison gas in his sons face as well as that the inhaler and shot help him pull through. At the end of the movie it shows that Graham goes back to being a priest and starts living out his Christian worldview again.With that being said, I will now discuss the obstacle in the main character, Grahams, life that caused him to avoid staying true to his Christian worldview. This obstacle was the departure of his wife. The death of Grahams wife was not only hard for him because he lost her but because of how traumatic the accident was. This caused Grah am to give up on his Christian faith and not believe in God at all. After the accident Graham stopped being a priest and stopped praying as well. This is why I know that it was the loss of his wife in particular that caused Graham to stop living out his Christian worldview.Lastly, I will now discuss the emotional, mental, and spiritual reactions I personally had about the movie. I felt very saddened over the loss of Grahams wife because I could not even begin to know how awful it would be to lose a spouse. I also found it very sad to watch the children deal with the loss of their mother. The moment at the dinner table when they are all setting down to what they think could be their last meal in concert was also very moving and a very important part of the movie in my opinion. The whole family broke down and cried together and the moment when Graham pulled his brother Merrill over by the shirt to shape him join in the hug made me cry.This part in the movie is the definition of fami ly to me. The part of the movie that moved me spiritually was when Merrill told Graham he was tired of seeing his big brother lose his faith in God. My favorite part was when Merrill said that he never wanted to see the look in Grahams eyes again when he said they were having the faith discussion earlier in the movie. This part also made me cry and feel like cheering in agreement with Merrill. I also have to say that I strongly agreed with the Christian worldview in this movie, especially Merrills because even in great fear and tragedy he still remained true to his Christian worldview. In conclusion, I very much enjoyed watching this movie and it certainly moved and touched me emotionally, spiritually, and mentally.

Economies of scale and diminishing returns Essay

In Business Economics, the small run is defined as the concept that within a certain spot of time, in the future, at least one insert is fixed while others are variable and the long run is defined as a period of time in which all factors of toil and courts are variable. The law of fall returns is a short run concept, which states that increasing successive units of a variable factor to a fixed factor leave alone increase output but eventually the addition to output ordain start to slow wipe out and would eventually become negative. This is because if capital is fixed, pointless churn will eventually get in all(prenominal) others way as they attempt to increase production. E.g. think about the effectiveness of extra employees in a factory thats maximum workers is 100. If the firm employs 150 workers, then the productivity will eventually decrease, as they will get in each others way and so on However, this law only applies in the short-term, as in the long run, all factor s are variable.As you faeces see from the graph above, the average fixed cost (AFC) curve falls as output increases receivable to the fact that fixed costs are a decreasing proportion of total cost as output increases. Both the average total cost (ATC) and the average variable cost (AVC) curves fall, and then leaven again. The curves start to rise after a certain point because diminishing return takes place. The distance on the y-axis between the ATC and the AVC represents the value of the average fixed cost (AFC). Just like the average variable cost and average total cost curves demonstrate, the marginal cost also falls, and eventually rises again as diminishing marginal returns take place.Economies of scale, however, refer to the favours that arise from large-scale production, which in turn outlets in a set about average unit cost (cost per unit). It explains the relationship between the long run average costs of producing a unit of good with increasing level of output. Unli kediminishing returns, economies of scale is a process that operates and is caused by a development over a long period of time. Economies of scale also have many sources whereas diminishing returns is the relationship between output and only one input of production.There are two divergent forms of economies of scale that could occur in a firm. The first is internal economies of scale. This refers to the advantages that are caused as a result of the expanding and growth of a firm/business. Internal economies of scale give notice be additionally categorized into commercial, managerial, fiscal and technical economies of scale.Commercial economies of scale arise from the purchase of raw materials and the sale of finished goods. When the firms output increases, they order larger quantities of the raw materials (bulk buying) and therefore these raw material firms favour these businesses, and offer cut back prices due to their ordering of higher quantities. Managerial economies of scale is a process that follows the principle of the division of labour and creates specialization due to the firms ability to employ specialized employees, and this causes an increase in production efficiency. A financial economy of scale is when a large firm benefits by getting break dance credit facilities e.g. credit at cheaper rates, being able to negotiate better finance deals etc. Finally, a technical economy of scale arises due to large-scale production because there is a technical advantage in the use of large machinery in the production process.Technical economies of scale will most probable arise due to machinery being used in the production process, which are more efficient than charitable labour, and also require less maintenance, prepare and do not require payment. External economies of scale refers to the advantages firms/businesses can get as a result of the growth of the entire diligence as a whole. Usually, the industry grows due to an improvement in a specific are a of the industry, such as an increase in the locals skill and training, and improving in the training facilities themselves, which causes an increase in the quality of training for the future employees or an increase in the foreign supply of labour with a higher skillset that before.

Difference between US and South Korea transprotation Research Paper

Difference mingled with US and sec Korea transprotation - Reoceanrch Paper ExampleNotable areas that have witnessed tremendous development implicate the ordinary transportation sector. The growth in the economy has led to the rapid expansion of air, land and sea transportation. To this end, the period of rapid growth in the transport sector can be traced back to the early on 1990s. During this period, South Korea was emerging as a formidable trading nation globally. Consequently, the transportation sector garnered 7 percent of the Gross Domestic Product in 1999. Apart from the rapid economic growth, increase in population density in Seoul and the greater metropolitan area created an incentive for growth of the public transport sector. To this end, a raft of reforms in the transportation sector enabled Seoul to gain a militant edge against established public transport networks globally. The subsequent sections will elaborate on the reasons for development of South Korean public transport network. Furthermore, the positive frames of the public transport development to the South Korean society will be discussed. In addition, a comparative analysis of the differences between the South Korean public transport and the United States model will be comprehensively discussed. Reasons for Development of South Korean Public Transport In order to understand the development of South Koreas public transport, a background of the precipitating factors is essential. Foremost, Seoul and the wider metropolitan areas of Gyeonggi and Incheon province have witnessed rapid population growth since 1942. The effect of population growth from 9 million to 25 million by 2010 increased submit in transportation. Furthermore, coupled by a rapidly growing economy, the public transportation sector was in train of reforms to mitigate over the crisis. Consequently, the reforms initiated touched on technology, infra grammatical construction and policy affecting public transport. To this e nd, the reforms undertaken were based on visionary and integrated approach. The vision was to make Seoul a clean and attractive city(Kuranami et al 8-1). Consequently, the focal themes were centred on three areas. These were environmental sustainability through a low carbon emission transport system human centred traffic system social inclusion, and economic growth through the building of demand management. Reforms in the public journey sector were undertaken by the Seoul Metropolitan government (SMG). Foremost, the SMG introduced rapid transit corridors for the buses to ease congestion. This involved redesigning of the bus routes and the introduction of feeder routes. Second, the SMG implemented a uniform fare structure and an automated ticket system across all modes of transportation and designated routes. Consequently, the SMG maintained the decision of fare regulations as well as schedules and routes. In addition, a colour coded numbering system of the buses was introduced in o rder to allot the types of services they offered. In terms of infrastructural development, median bus right- of- ways were expanded to accommodate the Bus speedy Transit services. Moreover, the bus lanes were increased and upgraded as well as the expansion of the length of curb cheek bus lanes. Railway transport equally experienced development strategies that boosted development of So

If marijuana were legalized in California What effect would it have on Essay

If marijuana were legalized in California What effect would it have on public health, economy and society - Essay ExampleThis is a debate that concerns a wide cross section of society ranging from hangmans halter users (both medicinal and recreational), law enforcement agencies, parents as well as politicians. There is also a diverse view on the substance and on the matter of legalization ranging from demands for criminalization, partial legalization and unattackable legalization. This can also pinch to constraints in reaching the audience, as pre-existing biases may be impenetrable. In California this debate has once again received prominence after Assembly member tom turkey Ammiano presented a bill which c on the wholeed for the legalization and assessation of hemp. In site to answer the controversial question of Should Marijuana be legalized in California? We will take a closer look at the sundry(a) viewpoints on the subject. Criminalization In 1913 the Pharmaceutical board of California decided to impose a restriction on the pharmaceutical use of ganja. By 1937 the use of cannabis became federally prohibited. This hostile attitude towards cannabis began in the early part of the 20th century according to Isaac Campos when news wires of the dangers of the drug began flooding in from Mexico. This came at a time when there was already a campaign underway, which sought to eliminate all sorts of vices from American society. There was a strong belief at the time that the use of cannabis lead to criminal levels of insanity and that it was actually a menace to society (The Odd History of Marijuana In The US). This became the central theme in anti-cannabis propaganda that existed for many decades to come. Other beliefs of the proponents of criminalization include the idea that cannabis is a gateway drug that leads to crime. This idea was heavily supported by the Reagan administration, which zealously sought to change marijuana and other drugs from society. What can certainly be proven is that youths that use the substance are at increased risk of mental disorders, poor academic achievement, criminal activities and reduced life opportunities (Hall, Pacula 125). In order to debunk a popular argument of the proponents of legalization that legalization will lead to increased tax revenues (this will be explained in greater detail later in the paper). The RAND Corporation conducted research that would shout out the effect of legalization on tax revenues and market prices in California. According to logic model they assiduous it was found that not only would marijuana production increase but so would consumption as a result of lower prices. Furthermore, it may not even lead to the projected 1.4 billion dollars in tax revenues as the possibility of evasion is not taken into consideration (RAND Corporation 15-27). Legalization For medicative Use Using Marijuana has several medicinal values and it can be used as an analgesic, anti-convulsant , anti-spasmodic and anti-emetic agent. These properties of cannabis have been used throughout time. It is used, primarily to help provide relief for symptoms to diseases rather than as a cure itself, such as the severe nausea caused by chemotherapy for cancer patients (Hall, Pacula 165-170). California soon allows the sale and use of cannabis for medicinal purposes in a limited capacity, however the federal political relation sees all cannabis related activity as illegal and frequently prosecutes medical marijuana distributors in